堤坝内集中渗漏通道与周围介质水量交换研究  

Study on water exchange between concentrated leakage passage and its surrounding media in dams

作　　者：许增光[1] 李海洋 柴军瑞[1] 曹成 陈东来 XU Zengguang;LI Haiyang;CHAI Junrui;CAO Cheng;CHEN Donglai(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2023年第7期12-23,共12页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51922088,52179143);陕西省科技创新团队(2022TD-01)。

摘　　要：堤坝内存在集中渗漏通道时,通道与周围多孔介质在压力差的驱使下会进行水量交换,两者间的水量交换可能导致堤坝渗漏量增大,传统的渗流场分析往往忽视了这一点。本文搭建砂槽模型以模拟堤坝中存在集中渗漏通道的情况,根据集中渗漏通道与多孔介质的出流量,研究渗漏通道与多孔介质间水量交换机理,提出一种计算水量交换系数的新公式。结果表明,渗漏通道与多孔介质间的水量交换量与通道直径(D)、多孔介质渗透系数(Km)、水力梯度(J)成正比。通过正交试验,进一步分析各因素对水量交换量的影响程度,发现影响程度最大的是D,其次是J和Km。研究成果能为堤坝存在集中渗漏通道情况下的渗流场分析提供依据,在渗流场计算中考虑集中渗漏通道与周围多孔介质间的水量交换更加贴合实际情况。When a concentrated leakage passage exists in the body of a dam,the passage will exchange water with its surrounding porous media driven by pressure difference.Such exchange may lead to an increase in dam discharge,but it is often ignored in traditional seepage field analysis.This study develops a sand tank model to simulate the presence of concentrated seepage channels in a dam,and examines the mechanism of water exchange and the water discharges from the concentrated leakage passage and the porous medium.A new formula for calculating the water exchange coefficient is then suggested.Results show that the amount of water exchange is proportional to passage diameter(D),porous medium permeability coefficient(Km),and hydraulic gradient(J).Orthogonal tests are adopted to analyze the influence degree of each factor on the water exchange capacity,revealing D is most influential,followed by J and Km.The results demonstrate the importance of the channel-medium exchange in seepage calculation,and would lay a basis for seepage field analysis of concentrated seepage channels in the dam.

关 键 词：堤坝渗漏 集中渗漏通道 水量交换 砂槽试验 正交试验 

分 类 号：TV321[水利工程—水工结构工程]