藏族历史文化村镇聚落斑块特征研究  

Study on the Characteristics of the Settlement Plaquesin Tibetan Historical and Cultural Villages and Towns

作　　者：胡昂[1,2] 普昊 宋远 邬文洁 HU Ang;PU Hao;SONG Yuan;WU Wenjie(Architecture and Environment School,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Institute of Industrial Science,The University of Tokyo,Tokyo 163-8001,Japan)

机构地区：[1]四川大学建筑与环境学院,成都610065 [2]东京大学生产技术研究所,东京163-8001

出　　处：《工业建筑》2023年第5期73-79,87,共8页Industrial Construction

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15BMZ018)。

摘　　要：以目前入选中国历史文化名村、名镇的14个藏族聚落为对象,对实地调研和地理信息数据进行可视化表达,通过ArcGIS中的统计工具进行数据的整合和运算。运用基于分形理论和领域分割理论的量化方法,从斑块单体和整体两个层面,分别探究藏族传统聚落建筑斑块的秩序化特征和组织特征,对于促进未来藏族村镇的新型城镇化建设和乡村振兴战略的良性发展具有积极意义。在斑块单体尺度上,藏族历史文化村镇的聚落规模越小,建筑斑块平面越单一,样式多为简单矩形;反之,则斑块平面更具多样化。在斑块整体层面上,藏族聚落建筑斑块整体上呈聚集分布。综合来看,平均最近邻距离越小的聚落其聚集分布结构越紧凑,建筑斑块密度指数越高,建筑斑块破碎度越高;域内宗教文化对两者均影响深远,宗教文化影响越衰落的聚落,聚落规模就越小,建筑斑块组织秩序性呈弱化趋势,其斑块的随机性趋势愈大,且斑块形状特征更趋于简单;基于藏族社群的共同宗教信仰和民族文化,藏族历史文化村镇斑块具有趋同性特征。The research focuses on the 14 Tibetan settlements currently selected as famous historical and cultural villages and towns in China.The field survey and geographic information data are visually expressed,and the data is integrated and calculated through statistical tools in ArcGIS.Using quantitative methods based on fractal theory and domain segmentation theory,from the two levels of the individual and the whole of the plaque patch,we can respectively explore the order and organization characteristics of the traditional Tibetan settlement architectural plaque patches are explored respectively,which has are explored respectively.It is of positive significance for promoting the new urbanization construction of Tibetan villages and towns and the healthy development of rural revitalization strategies in the future.On the scale of a single plaque patch,the smaller the settlement scale of the Tibetan historical and cultural villages and towns,the simpler the plane of the building plaque patch,and the pattern is mostly simple rectangle;on the contrary,the plane of the plaque patch is more diversified.On the overall level of plaque patches,the Tibetan settlement building plaque patches are distributed in clusters as a whole.On the whole,the smaller the average nearest neighbor distance,the more compact the cluster distribution structure,the higher the building plaque patch density index,and the higher the building plaque patch fragmentation.Religious culture in the region has a profound impact on both.The more declining settlements are affected by religious culture,the smaller the size of the settlements.The order of building plaque patches tends to weaken,the randomness of the plaque patches tends to be greater,and the shape characteristics of the plaque patches tend to be increase.For simpler.Based on the common religious beliefs and ethnic culture of the Tibetan community,Tibetan historical and cultural villages and towns have similar characteristics.

关 键 词：藏族 历史文化村镇 斑块 分维数 斑块密度指数 平均最近邻指数 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]