监察法规的性质、地位及其法治化  

On the Nature,Status and Legalization of Supervision Regulations

作　　者：秦前红[1] 石泽华[1] Qin Qianhong;Shi Zehua

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（宪法学、行政法学）》2021年第4期64-77,共14页CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目《推进合宪性审查视阅下的备案审查制度及衔接联动机制研究》(18CFX016);国家法治与法学理论研究项目《社会主义法治体系视野下的国家监察规范体系研究》(19SFB2012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为在全国范围内监察领域施行适用的具有普遍拘束力的一种法规范形式,监察法规丰富和发展了中国特色社会主义法律体系,既是监察法律和相关法律实施的重要方式,也是纪检监察领域党规国法衔接协调的重要桥梁,其制定蕴含着两大价值目标:效率与公正兼顾和人大制度之下监察系统一体化与监察官独立办案相结合。通过研究监察法规与狭义法律、各类法规(监察法规自身、既往行政监察法规和其他法规)以及法律解释(立法解释、司法解释和监察解释)等之间的位阶关系和衔接协调机制,可以明确其在我国法律体系中的地位,并确立“(宪法→)监察法律→立法解释→监察法规→监察解释(→监察规范性文件)”的监察法规范体系。监察法规的法治化路径至少包括四个方面:主体限定层面,国家监委是唯一制定主体;对监察立法与监察规范性文件作严格区分内容限定层面,厘清监察立法的保留事项,确定监察职权立法的界限;程序规制层面,引入必要的沟通与协商机制,进一步关注决定与公布程序,明确监察法规解释的主体、程序及其要求,尽快制定《监察法规制定程序条例》;监督机制层面,从审查程序的启动、过程和意见处理三个方面构建合宪性及备案审查机制,及时修改《立法法》和《监督法》。据此,在全面推进依法治国背景下将监察法规切实纳入法治轨道,在中国特色社会主义法律体系框架下形成并完善监察法规范体系。As a kind of regulation,the supervision regulation with universal restraint is implemented nationwide and in the field of supervision.It has enriched and developed the socialist legal system,which is not only an important method of law implementation,but also a bridge between party regulations of CPC and congress laws.Its formulation contains two major goals:the balance of efficiency and justice,and the principle of the integrated operation of supervisory system with the independent handling of cases by supervisors.To clarify the status of supervision regulations,it is necessary to compare the hierarchical relationship with narrow laws,various regulations(the supervision regulations themselves,previous administrative supervision regulations and other regulations),and legal interpretations(legislative interpretation,judicial interpretation and supervisory interpretation).From this,wecan establish a regulatory system of supervision law:"(Constitution→)Supervision Law→Legislative Interpretation→Supervision Regulations→Supervision Interpretation(→Supervision Normative Documents)".The legalization path of supervision regulations includes four aspects.At the main body level,National Supervision Commission is the only body to formulate the supervision regulations;Strict distinction should be made between supervisory legislation and regulatory documents.At the content level,the relative and absolute reservations of the supervision legislation must be clarified.It is also necessary to determine the boundaries of the legislative authority of supervision organs.At the procedural level,communication and negotiation mechanisms shall be introduced,further attention shall be paid to the decision and publication procedures,the main body,procedures and other requirements for monitoring the interpretation of laws and regulations shall be formulated at the same time,and the Regulations on the Procedures for the Supervision of Laws and Regulations shall be formulated as soon as possible.At the level of the monitoring mecha

关 键 词：监察法 国家监察委员会 监察法规 立法权 法律地位 法律位阶 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]