执法能力的损耗与重建——以基层食药监执法为经验样本  

Consumption and Reconstruction of the Law Enforcement Capability

作　　者：刘杨[1] Liu Yang

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（宪法学、行政法学）》2019年第4期40-54,共15页CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新型城镇化建设的法治保障研究”(16ZDA062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：执法是一个交织着执法偏差与执法纠偏的复杂实践,执法能力的损耗与重建是理解这一复杂实践的有益视角。执法能力会因行政体制内部张力而有所损耗,产生内部控制失灵、执法地方化、部门“孤岛化”等问题。执法能力也会在社会中发生损耗,造成执法资源稀释、执法过程异化等现象。面对执法能力的损耗,执法者应通过灵活执法、解释和创造规则、集中执法资源、建构执法空间等策略,在一线执法场景中再造执法能力。立法者和决策者也应不断改革和优化执法体制,通过强化执法控制、重构执法责任、延伸执法组织、动员社会力量来推动执法能力的重建。以基层执法经验作为分析样本,理解执法能力的损耗与重建机理,有助于从整体上把握转型期中国执法的实践逻辑,为当下的执法体制改革和执法能力建设带来启发。Law enforcement is a is a complicated practice in which deviation and correction intertwine with each other and the consumption and reconstruction of the capability for law enforcement is a quite useful point of view by which we can understand this complicated practice.Law enforcement capability may be eroded slowly as a result of the tension in the current internal administrative system,leading to not only internal control failure and local protec-tionism,but also the lack of cooperation among various government departments.Law enforcement capability can also be consumed in social structure,resulting in such phenomena as the dilution of law enforcement resource and the alienation of the law enforcement process.Faced with the consumption of law enforcement capability,law-enforcers can re-create the capability in frontline law enforcement scenarios by adopting such strategies as flexible enforce-ment,legal interpretation,rule creation,centralization of law enforcement resource and creation of new law enforce-ment space.Also,lawmakers and decision makers need to continuously reform and optimize the current law enforce-ment system and reconstruct the law enforcement capability by strengthening control,reassigning responsibilities,ex-tending organization and mobilizing social forces.Analyzing the consumption and reconstruction of enforcement capa-bility by taking grassroots law enforcement as the analytical sample can help us to get an comprehensive understand-ing of the practical logic of law enforcement in the transitional period in China,and provide us with inspirations for the reform of the law enforcement system and the building of law enforcement capability.

关 键 词：执法偏差 执法能力 执法过程 执法体制 一线执法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]