辣椒在世界的传播  

The Global Dissemination of Capsicum

作　　者：李国琛 徐昊 刘周斌 朱凡 邹学校 LI Guochen;XU Hao;LIU Zhoubin;ZHU Fan;ZOU Xuexiao(Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第7期1307-1316,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.32130097);国家自然科学基金区域联合基金项目(No.U19A2028);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-24-A-05)。

摘　　要：辣椒是重要的蔬菜作物,其驯化和传播历史受到广泛关注。野生辣椒起源于南美洲安第斯山脉西北部,在南美洲和中美洲扩张、传播和演化。最早的辣椒栽培种从墨西哥开始,向多个地区传播,并发生了平行驯化。哥伦布大航海将辣椒从南美洲带回西班牙后,辣椒开始传入欧洲其他国家,并在16世纪中叶传遍整个中欧。与此同时,借助葡萄牙人开辟的“欧亚贸易航线”和西班牙人开通的“大帆船贸易”,大量的辣椒品种开始在亚洲、非洲、东欧传播,17世纪盛行的奴隶贸易带动了辣椒在非洲和北美洲的全面传播。随着全球贸易的发展,不同地区驯化的栽培辣椒品种得到更为广泛的交流,其中,一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)传播到亚洲、非洲、北美洲、大洋洲和东欧,成为全世界种植范围最广、品种类型最丰富的栽培辣椒种。灌木辣椒(C.frutescens L.)和中国辣椒(C.chinense Jacquin)被引入东欧、非洲和亚洲热带地区,下垂辣椒(C.baccatum L.)和柔毛辣椒(C.pubescens Keep)主要在中南美洲、印度尼西亚和南非等地种植。基因组学研究为辣椒的全球传播历史提供了重要的遗传证据,同时为辣椒演化研究提供了全新视角。The pepper is a widely cultivated vegetable and its domestication and dissemination history have received significant attention from the academic community.This article summarizes the pathways of pepper’s dissemination worldwide.The wild pepper species originated in the northwestern part of the Andes Mountains in South America and expanded,spread,and evolved in South and Central America.The Capsicum cultivars migrated outward from Mexico and underwent parallel domestication in multiple regions.After Christopher Columbus brought peppers back to Spain from South America,they began to spread to other European countries and eventually spread throughout Central Europe by the mid-16th century.Simultaneously,a large number of pepper varieties introduced into Asia,Africa,and Eastern Europe via the“Eurasian Trade Route”and the“Galleon Trade Route”.The prevalent slave trade in the 17th century further facilitated the comprehensive dissemination of peppers in Africa and North America.With the development of global trade,the Capsicum cultivars from different regions were exchanged more extensively.Among them,C.annuum spread to Asia,Africa,North America,Oceania,and Eastern Europe,becoming the most widely cultivated peppers worldwide.C.frutescens and C.chinense were introduced to Eastern Europe,tropical regions of Africa,and Asia,while C.baccatum and C.pubescens are mainly grown in Central and South America,Indonesia,and South Africa.Genomic research results have provided important genetic evidence for the global dissemination history of pepper,while also offering a new perspective for the study of pepper evolution.

关 键 词：辣椒 起源 栽培历史 传播途径 基因流动 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]