基于叶片解剖结构的澳洲坚果种质资源抗旱性评价  

Evaluation of Drought Resistance Based on Leaf Anatomical Struc-ture of Macadamia Germplasm Resources

作　　者：马静[1,2] 贺熙勇 陶亮[1,2] 吴超 李志强[1,2] 宫丽丹 MA Jing;HE Xiyong;TAO Liang;WU Chao;LI Zhiqiang;GONG Lidan(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China;Macadamia Agricultural Engineering Research Center of Yunnan,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China;Xishuangbanna Yunken Macadamia Nut Science and Technology Development Company,Ltd.Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100 [2]云南省澳洲坚果农业工程研究中心,云南景洪666100 [3]西双版纳云垦澳洲坚果科技开发有限公司,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第7期1392-1399,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：农业部热带作物种质资源保护项目(No.18220024);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(No.RF2023-14);云南省乡村振兴科技专项(No.202104BI090004)。

摘　　要：研究澳洲坚果种质资源叶片解剖结构并评价其抗旱能力,为澳洲坚果良种选育及引种栽培提供理论依据。利用石蜡切片技术,分析比较20份澳洲坚果种质资源的11项叶片解剖结构特征参数,运用主成分分析法、隶属函数法和系统聚类法对不同种质资源的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:澳洲坚果叶片为典型的异面叶,不同种质资源的叶片解剖结构指标间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。采用主成分分析法得出11项指标反映澳洲坚果抗旱能力的顺序为:栅栏组织厚度>叶片厚度>叶片结构紧密度>栅海比>叶片结构疏松度>上表皮角质层厚度>下表皮厚度>上表皮厚度>下表皮角质层厚度>中脉厚度>海绵组织厚度。采用隶属函数法,结合各指标所占的权重,得出20份澳洲坚果种质资源的抗旱性顺序为:1号>19号>5号>10号>14号>11号>16号>7号>2号>20号>8号>13号>18号>15号>9号>3号>6号>4号>17号>12号。将抗旱性度量值经过“Z-score”标准化后进行聚类分析,在遗传距离15处,20份种质资源分为三大类群。1号、5号、10号、11号、14号、16号和19号的叶片较厚,栅栏组织发达,栅海比和叶片结构紧密度明显高于其他种质,具有较高的保水和光合能力,为高抗旱类群;3号、4号、6号、9号、12号、15号和17号的叶片、表皮及角质层偏薄,且叶片结构疏松度较高,表现出较低的抗旱能力,为低抗旱类群;其余种质抗旱能力居中。The study of the leaf anatomical structure of macadamia germplasm resources and its drought resistance was aimed to provide theoretical basis for macadamia seed breeding,introduction and cultivation.11 leaf anatomical pa-rameters of 20 macadamia germplasm resources were analyzed and compared using paraffin section technique.The drought resistance of different germplasm resources was comprehensively evaluated by the principal component analy-sis,membership function method and systematic clustering method.The results showed that macadamia leaves were typical leaves with different faces,and there were significant differences among the anatomical structure indexes of different germplasm resources(P<0.01).Principal component analysis showed that the order of the eleven indexes re-flecting the drought resistance of macadamia was thickness of palisade parenchyma thickness>leaf thickness>cell tense ratio>palisade/spongy tissue>sponge ratio>upper cuticle thickness>lower epidermis thickness>upper epidermis thick-ness>lower cuticle thickness>midrib thickness>spongy parenchyma thickness.According to the membership function method and the weight of each index,the order of drought resistance of the 20 macadamia germplasm resources was as follows:No.1>No.19>No.5>No.10>No.14>No.11>No.16>No.7>No.2>No.20>No.8>No.13>No.18>No.15>No.9>No.3>No.6>No.4>No.17>No.12.After“Z-score”standardization,the 20 germplasm resources were classified into 3 groups at 15 genetic distances.No.1,No.5,No.10,No.11,No.14,No.16 and No.19 had thicker leaves,developed palisade tissue,higher palisade/spongy tissue and cell tense ratio than other germplasms,and had higher water retention and photosynthetic capacity,so they were high drought-resistant groups.The leaves,epidermis and cuticle of No.3,No.4,No.6,No.9,No.12,No.15 and No.17 were thin,and the leaves were relatively loose,showing low drought resis-tance,so they were low drought resistance groups.The drought resistance of other germplasms was in the middle.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 种质资源 叶片解剖结构 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S602.4[农业科学—园艺学]