斯摩棱斯克档案与西方苏联学研究  

Smolensk Archive and the Western Sovietology

作　　者：殷亲亲 Yin Qinqin(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《西部学刊》2023年第13期83-89,共7页Journal of Western

摘　　要：作为西方苏联学中的“极权主义流派”所主要依据的档案文献,斯摩棱斯克档案详细记录了二十世纪二三十年代苏联共产党在斯摩棱斯克省等的机构设置、政治活动以及对当地民众生活的影响。第二次世界大战期间,斯摩棱斯克档案受到多方重视,先后辗转于德国纳粹、苏联共产党、美国陆军部与美国情报局之手,造成了部分内容的遗失。最终,由美国哈佛大学政治学教授芬索德牵头,首次对斯摩棱斯克档案进行系统研究与利用。芬索德利用残存的斯摩棱斯克档案,重点关注苏联民众的日常生活,以此丰富了其对“苏联权力”和苏联政治体制的研究。斯摩棱斯克档案不仅对芬索德等学者反思和创新“极权主义流派”的相关理论提供了丰富的史料支持,而且不断启发着此后西方苏联学领域“修正主义流派”的研究。The Smolensk archive,the main source of archival document on which the totalitarian school of Western Sovietology is based,contains a detailed record of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union’s organization structure in the Smolensk province in the 1920s and 1930s,as well as of its political activities and their impact on the lives of the local population.During World War II,the Smolensk Archive came under the scrutiny of many parties and passed through the hands of the German Nazis,Communist Party of the USSR,the U.S.Department of the Army and the U.S.Central Intelligence Agency,resulting in the loss of some of its contents.In the end,Merle Fainsod,a professor of political science at Harvard University,led the first systematic study and exploitation of them.By utilizing the remaining Smolensk archive,Merle Fainsod enriched his study of“Soviet power”and the Soviet political system by focusing on the daily lives of Soviet citizens.The Smolensk archive has not only provided rich historical materials for Merle Fainsod and other scholars to reflect on and innovate the theories of the totalitarian school,but also continues to inspire the study of the revisionist school in Western Sovietology.

关 键 词：斯摩棱斯克档案 梅因·芬索德 西方苏联学 “极权主义流派” “修正主义流派” 

分 类 号：D73/77[政治法律—政治学] K512.53[政治法律—中外政治制度] K05[历史地理—历史学]