羊毛角蛋白与PVA复合纤维膜的制备及其在医用口罩滤芯中的应用  

Preparation of wool keratin and polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber membrane andthe exploration as surgical-mask filtration materials

作　　者：程玮 张晶 徐成书 任燕 CHENG Wei;ZHANG Jing;XU Chengshu;REN Yan(College of Textile Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院,西安710048

出　　处：《现代纺织技术》2023年第4期74-83,共10页Advanced Textile Technology

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目(20JS053);陕西省科技厅面上项目(2021JM-451);陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(22JY022)。

摘　　要：对大量废弃的羊毛纺织品进行回收利用,提取角蛋白并将其与聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备成复合纤维膜,应用于医用口罩滤芯材料中。采用酸碱等电点沉淀法制备羊毛角蛋白,离心提纯后与不同浓度的PVA共混配置纺丝溶液,利用静电纺丝法在医用口罩基底材料上喷制角蛋白PVA纳米纤维膜。分别对试样进行电镜、红外光谱和粉尘过滤测试分析并比较不同角蛋白与PVA质量分数下纤维膜的物化性能差异。电镜实验结果表明:角蛋白质量分数一定时,当PVA质量分数越高,制备的纤维直径随之变大;PVA溶液质量分数一定时,随着角蛋白质量分数的提高,制备的纳米纤维的直径变小。红外光谱测试显示角蛋白与PVA通过氢键稳定的结合在一起。接触角测试显示加入角蛋白后能明显改善滤芯材料的亲水性。空气过滤效率测试表明,当PVA溶液质量分数为6%,角蛋白与PVA比为30∶70时,过滤效率最高,可达97.17%。Air is an important element of human living environment,and air quality has draw more and more attention.While China's industry is developing rapidly,air pollution problems are also intensifying.Tiny particles in the air have a great impact on human health,and wearing a mask is a convenient and effective solution.The air filtration material in the mask can filter most harmful substances in the air.At present,common air filtration materials are mainly composed of ultrafine glass fiber materials and meltblown electret nonwoven materials.The glass fiber is brittleness and easy falling off and the characteristics restrict its wide application.The meltblown electret nonwoven material is greatly affected by the environment,which makes its filtration efficiency unstable.Electrospun nanofiber membrane has the advantages of controllable fiber morphology and diameter,large specific surface area,high porosity and narrow pore size distribution.These properties indicated electrospun nanofibers possess excellent performance in PM 2.5 particles filtration.In addition,China is rich in wool resources,and a large number of waste wool is produced every year.The main constituent of wool is keratin,which has excellent biodegradability,high permeability and good biocompatibility.Adding keratin to the electrospun nanofiber membrane can improve fiberous membranes’performance,and make good use of waste wool resources.In the present study,the composite fiberous membranes consisted of wool keratin and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)are prepared by electrospinning technology and applied to the filter element material of medical masks.First,keratin is extracted from wool fibers by acid-base method,and centrifuged to obtain keratin precipitates.Keratin is then added to the prepared PVA solution and mixed well.The mixed solution is prepared into keratin PVA nanofiber membranes by electrospinning technology.There are different concentrations of Keratin and PVA.Both the physical and chemical properties of fiberous membranes with different concentration

关 键 词：羊毛角蛋白 PVA 静电纺丝 纳米纤维膜 口罩 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业]