新型中央分隔带护栏多目标优化设计  

Multi-objective optimization design of new median guardrail

作　　者：卢积健 雷正保[1] LU Jijian;LEI Zhengbao(Large-Scale Structural Impact Lab,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学大型结构碰撞实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第13期163-169,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52072048)。

摘　　要：鉴于目前中央分隔带护栏常发生立柱绊阻现象,设计了一种新型中央分隔带护栏。采用显式非线性有限元模拟对新型中央分隔带护栏的碰撞安全性进行评估,分析了乘员碰撞速度(v),乘员碰撞后加速度(a),驶出角(exit angle,EA),车辆离去距离(d)以及最大横向位移(maximun lateral displacement,MD)等碰撞后动力学响应。综合考虑,选择乘员碰撞y方向加速度(a y)、车辆离去距离(d)作为目标函数,通过构建RBF(radial basis function)代理模型以减少计算成本;最后使用多目标遗传算法进行优化,获得护栏最佳设计参数;在小型客车、中型客车、大型货车碰撞下,新型中央分隔带护栏显示出良好的导向能力。有限元模拟结果表明,该护栏可有效预防立柱绊阻现象,车辆离去距离仅为2.06 m,乘员碰撞y方向加速度为118.2 m/s 2,满足SB级护栏防护要求。Here,aiming at currently frequent column stumbling phenomena of median guardrail,a new type median guardrail was designed.Explicit nonlinear finite element simulation was used to evaluate collision safety of new median guardrail.Passenger dynamic responses after collision including passenger collision velocity(v),passenger acceleration after collision(a),exit angle(EA),vehicle departure distance(d)and its maximum lateral displacement(MD)were analyzed.After comprehensively considering,passenger collision acceleration in y direction(a y)and vehicle departure distance(d)were chosen as objective functions,and RBF surrogate model was built to reduce calculation cost.Finally,multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to optimize and obtain the optimal design parameters of guardrail.It was shown that under collisions of small passenger cars,medium passenger cars and large trucks,new median guardrail has good guidance ability.The finite element simulation results showed that new median guardrail can effectively prevent column stumbling;vehicle departure distance d is only 2.06 m,passenger collision acceleration in y direction ay is 118.2 m/s 2 to meet protection requirements of SB grade guardrail.

关 键 词：中央分隔带护栏 代理模型 优化设计 绊阻现象 多目标遗传算法 

分 类 号：U467.1[机械工程—车辆工程]