汽车物流器具随机振动损伤与疲劳寿命预测研究  

Random vibration damage and fatigue life prediction of automobile logistics equipment

作　　者：亓昌[1,2] 高健 苗婷婷 QI Chang;GAO Jian;MIAO Tingting(State Key Laboratory of Industrial Equipment Structure Analysis,School of Automotive Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Ningbo Research Institute,Dalian University of Technology,Ningbo 315016,China;BMW Brilliance Automotive,Shenyang 110011,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学汽车工程学院工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学宁波研究院,浙江宁波315016 [3]华晨宝马汽车有限公司,沈阳110011

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第13期287-295,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：华晨宝马联合培养博士生项目(HX20210007);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(DUT20LAB132,DUT21GF203)。

摘　　要：汽车零部件产品常被采用堆垛形式的物流器具运输以避免损伤。应用随机振动试验方法,分析三种不同振动等级下,堆垛型钢质物流器具的振动损伤;基于物流器具—装载物—夹具相互作用关系,建立了全景天窗运输器具的有限元模型,研究了平稳高斯随机振动下该器具的疲劳响应,获得关键位置变形和等效应力,预测器具的疲劳寿命。研究结果表明:有限元分析得到的共振频率与随机振动试验结果相差3.4%;器具振动响应主要受低阶共振频率影响,最大应力集中在堆垛柱与托盘连接处;上层装载物响应加速度1.42g明显大于下层0.79g,而同处于上层的装载物响应加速度差别小于1.7%;上下层堆垛柱响应加速度分别为0.82g和0.79g,差别不明显。上述方法可模拟运输过程中汽车物流器具振动疲劳及装载物易损点,为汽车物流器具设计提供参考。Auto parts products are often transported by logistics equipment in the form of stacking to avoid damage.Here,the random vibration test method was used to analyze vibration damage of stacked steel logistics appliances under 3 different vibration levels.Then,based on interaction relations among logistics equipment,load and fixture,the finite element model of panoramic skylight transportation equipment was established to study fatigue responses of the equipment under stationary Gaussian random vibration,obtain deformations and equivalent stresses at key positions,and predict fatigue life of the equipment.The results showed that the difference between the resonance frequency obtained with finite element analysis and that obtained with random vibration tests is 3.4%;vibration response of appliance is mainly affected by low-order resonance frequency,and the maximum stress is concentrated at connection of stacking column and tray;the response acceleration of upper layer load 1.42 g is obviously larger than that of lower layer load 0.79 g,while differences among response accelerations of loads at upper layer are less than 1.7%;response accelerations of upper and lower stacking columns are 0.82 g and 0.79 g,respectively without obvious difference;the proposed method can simulate vibration fatigue of automobile logistics equipment and vulnerable points of load in transportation process,and provide a certain reference for designing automobile logistics equipment.

关 键 词：物流器具 随机振动 疲劳寿命 有限元法 堆垛 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]