矿山酸性水中铝相次生矿物及环境学意义的研究进展  

Research Progress of Aluminum−Phase Secondary Minerals and Their Environmental Significance in Acid Mine Water

作　　者：陈华清[1,5] 张天亮 龚慧山 徐友宁 周建伟[4] CHEN Huaqing;ZHANG Tianliang;GONG Huishan;XU Youning;ZHOU Jianwei(Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Shanxi Typical Mine GeologicalEnvironment Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,MNR,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710119 [2]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [3]中国地质科学院,北京100037 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [5]自然资源部陕西典型矿山地质环境野外科学观测研究站,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《西北地质》2023年第4期141-151,共11页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划“秦巴山区金属矿产开发引发生态环境污染综合治理关键技术与示范”(2023-ZDLSF-63);中国地质调查局项目“安康蒿坪河流域石煤矿区生态修复支撑调查与监测”(DD20230457)联合资助。

摘　　要：酸性矿山排水(AMD)是硫化矿床矿山环境污染防治的难点,因而持续受到国内外学者的关注。众多的学者对矿区AMD中次生矿物进行了研究。为深入了解AMD中次生矿物的形成和演化,为AMD污染防治提供科学依据,笔者对前人不同环境下AMD中的次生矿物类型、次生矿物形成顺序,以及铝相次生矿物的形成、特征、环境危害及意义进行了简要综述。目前与AMD有关的主要次生矿物存在3种类型,即铁相次生矿物、铝相次生矿物和其他相次生矿物,AMD中的pH、Eh和温度对于次生矿物的形成具有控制性的作用。铁、铝相次生矿物具有吸附金属能力,这一性质有助于在一定程度上实现河流的自净化作用。由于AMD形成条件高,矿物相不稳定,目前有关AMD中铝相次生矿物及“酸性白水”的研究成果有限。因此,加强铝相次生矿物以及“酸性白水”的研究,可以更好地解析蒿坪河流域石煤矿区河流酸性磺水-酸性白水的形成演化机制,以及铝相次生矿物吸附重金属的地球化学过程。Acid mine drainage(AMD)is a difficult point in the prevention and control of environmental pollution in sulfide ore deposits,has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad.Numerous scholars have studied secondary minerals in AMD in different mining areas.In order to understand the formation and evolution of secondary minerals in AMD,it provides scientific basis for AMD pollution prevention and control.This paper briefly reviews the types of secondary minerals,the formation order of secondary minerals,and the formation,characteristics,environmental hazards and significance of secondary minerals in aluminum phase in AMD under different environments.There are currently three main types of secondary minerals associated with AMD,including:iron−phase secondary minerals,aluminum−phase secondary minerals and other−phase secondary minerals.The pH,Eh and temperature in AMD have a controlling effect on the formation of secondary minerals.Fe−and Al−phase secondary minerals have strong adsorption capacity for several metals in AMD,which can achieve a certain degree of water self−purification.At present,due to the high formation conditions of AMD and unstable mineral phases,there are limited research results on aluminum−phase secondary minerals and“acidic white water”in AMD.Therefore,the study of aluminum−phase secondary minerals and“acidic white water”can better analyze the formation and evolution mechanism of acidic sulfonated water and acidic white water in rivers in the stone coal mines area of Haoping river basin from the perspective of prevention and control,as well as the geochemical process of heavy metal adsorption by aluminum−phase secondary minerals.

关 键 词：酸性矿山排水 铝相次生矿物 铁相次生矿物 河流铝污染 蒿坪河 

分 类 号：P592[天文地球—地球化学]