干旱程度和施氮水平对春玉米叶片碳氮含量及碳氮比的影响  

Effects of drought degree and nitrogen application level on leaf C and N contents and C/N ratio of spring maize

作　　者：陈妮娜[1,2] 吕慧捷 张益瑞[4] 李国会 米娜[1,2] 张淑杰[1,2] 李思语 张玉书[1,2] CHEN Ni-na;L Hui-jie;ZHANG Yi-rui;LI Guo-hui;MI Na;ZHANG Shu-jie;LI Si-yu;ZHANG Yu-shu(Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166,China;Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Disasters,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110166,China;Bayingol Vocational and Technical College,Korla 841000,China;Nanyang Meteorological Service,Nanyang 47300,China;Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province,Ji′nan 250014,China;School of Transportation and Geomatics Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110166 [3]巴音郭楞职业技术学院,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]南阳市气象局,河南南阳473000 [5]山东省水利科学研究院,山东济南250014 [6]沈阳建筑大学交通与测绘工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2023年第3期106-116,共11页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：沈阳市科技人才项目(RC210326);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-358);国家自然科学基金项目(41705094、41975149、42275202)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探明干旱和施氮对春玉米叶片碳氮含量及碳氮比的影响,以“丹玉405”为试验材料,于2018—2019年春玉米拔节、抽雄、乳熟三个关键发育期分别开展中度(相对湿度45%±5%)、重度(相对湿度35%±5%)干旱胁迫及120、240、270 kg·hm^(-2)氮处理对比试验,分析干旱、施氮及干旱条件下施氮对玉米叶片碳氮含量及碳氮比的影响。结果表明:干旱导致玉米叶片全氮含量减少3.3%~38.5%,碳氮比增加0.8%~67.1%;对各发育期叶片碳氮含量及碳氮比的影响为乳熟期>抽雄期>拔节期;随着干旱加剧,对叶片氮含量和碳氮比的影响加剧。随着施氮量的增加,叶片全氮含量先增加,后减少,碳氮比与之相反;施氮量为120 kg·hm^(-2)时,各个发育期叶片全氮含量最高,碳氮比含量最低。干旱后施一定量的氮肥可以缓解干旱对玉米叶片碳氮平衡的负面影响,但不能完全恢复;施氮量为120 kg·hm^(-2)时,叶片氮含量和碳氮比恢复程度最为明显,分别增加11.2%和减少6.5%。复水后,施氮处理仍不能使受干旱叶片碳氮平衡恢复到对照水平。玉米产量与叶片全碳含量和碳氮比呈显著线性负相关,与叶片全氮含量呈显著线性正相关。不同程度干旱及施氮水平可通过影响玉米叶片碳氮含量及碳氮比来影响玉米产量。To explore the effects of drought and nitrogen application on leaf C,N content,and C/N ratio of spring maize,"Danyu 405"was used as the test material.Comparative experiments of moderate(relative humidity is 45%±5%)and severe(relative humidity is 35%±5%)drought stress and nitrogen addition of 120 kg·hm-2,240 kg·hm^(-2),and 270 kg·hm^(-2 )were carried out to analyze the leaf C,N content and C/N ratio of maize under drought,nitrogen addition and their interactions in the three key developmental stages of maize during 2018 to 2019.The results indicated that drought caused a decrease of 3.3%~38.5%in leaf N content and an increase of 0.8%~67.1%in the C/N ratio.The effects on leaf C and N contents and C/N ratio at different growing stages are Milk maturity stage>tasselling stage>jointing stage.With the aggravation of drought,the effects of drought on leaf N content and C/N ratio are intensified.After N application,the leaf N content increases first and then decreases with the increase of N application,but the C/N ratio is opposite.When the nitrogen application rate is 120 kg·hm^(-2),the highest total nitrogen content and the lowest C/N ratio are obtained.A certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer after a drought can alleviate the negative effects of drought on the leaf carbon and nitrogen balance,but could not recover completely.When the nitrogen rate is 120 kg·hm^(-2),the recovery degree of leaf N content and C/N ratio are the most obvious,increasing by 11.2%and decreasing by 6.5%respectively.After rewetting,nitrogen application can not restore the C/N balance of drought-affected leaves to the control level.There is a significant linear negative correlation between maize yield and leaf total carbon content and C/N ratio and a significant linear positive correlation between maize yield and leaf total nitrogen content(P<0.01).Different degrees of drought and nitrogen application levels can affect maize yield by affecting the content of carbon and nitrogen in maize leaves and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen.This study

关 键 词：干旱 施氮水平 碳氮含量 碳氮比 春玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]