1981—2018年吉林省玉米适时播种的水热条件变化特征  

Variation characteristics of hydrothermal conditions for timely sowing of maize in Jilin province from 1981 to 2018

作　　者：王冬妮[1,2] 王美玉 任景全[1,2] 郭巧 李军伟[3] WANG Dong-ni;WANG Mei-yu;REN Jing-quan;GUO Qiao;LI Jun-wei(Jilin Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Changchun 130062,China;Jilin Province Science and Technology Innovation Center of Agro-meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment and Prevention,Changchun 130062,China;Air Force Aviation University,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象科学研究所,吉林长春130062 [2]吉林省农业气象灾害风险评估与防控科技创新中心,吉林长春130062 [3]空军航空大学,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2023年第3期132-139,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200203153SF);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210203150SF);吉林省气象局项目(201911);沈阳大气环境研究所区域合作项目(2020SYIAEHZ1);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(20180551169);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所区域合作项目(2018SYIAEHZ1)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用1981—2018年吉林省50个气象站春季逐日气象资料、19个玉米站发育期资料,应用农业气候统计方法,分析了春季首场透雨、稳定通过8℃初日时空特征及对玉米适时播种的影响。结果表明:首场透雨平均出现日期呈东早西晚的趋势,最早最晚两地相差20 d;80%保证率下气温稳定通过8℃的日期呈西早东晚趋势,最早最晚两地相差26 d。三个气候区的透雨最早年最晚年之间相差35~52 d;80%保证率下气温稳定通过8℃的日期最早年最晚年之间相差28~31 d。水热条件时空分布差异是造成年际间玉米播种时间差异、苗情差异的重要因素。西部玉米适时播种主要是受有无透雨及透雨出现时间的影响,中部主要受透雨出现时间的影响,东部主要受温度条件影响。采用农业气候与农业气象相结合的方法,才能更好地确定当年的适播期。Based on the spring daily meteorological data of 50 meteorological stations and the development period data of 19 maize stations in Jilin province from 1981 to 2018,the spatial and temporal characteristics of the first saturating rain and the first day of temperature stable passing through 8℃in spring and their effects on the timely sowing of maize were analyzed by using the method of agricultural climate statistics.The results showed that the average occurrence date of the first saturating rain generally showed a trend of early in the east and late in the west,with a difference of 20 d between the earliest and the latest.There is a difference of 35~52 days between the earliest and the latest years of the first saturating rain in the three climate zones.The difference between the earliest and the latest year when the temperature stable passes through 8℃under an 80%guarantee rate is 28~31 d.The difference in spatial and temporal distribution of water and heat conditions is an important factor that causes the difference in maize planting time and seedling situation between years.The timely sowing of maize in the west is mainly affected by the presence or absence of saturating rain and the time of occurrence of saturating rain,in the middle is mainly affected by the time of occurrence of saturating rain,and in the east is mainly affected by temperature conditions.Only by combining agroclimatic and agrometeorological methods,can the suitable sowing date of the current year be better determined.

关 键 词：玉米 适时播种 首场透雨 气温稳定通过8℃初日 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]