生活垃圾焚烧炉渣泥陶粒的制备及性能研究  

Preparation and properties of ceramsite from domestic waste incineration slag sludge

作　　者：马鹏 张成 宋成芳[1] 曹玉成[1] MA Peng;ZHANG Cheng;SONG Chengfang;CAO Yucheng(College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2023年第4期867-874,共8页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江农林大学科研发展基金(W20200023,L20220224)。

摘　　要：【目的】城市生活垃圾焚烧后产生较多的炉渣泥废弃物,尝试通过将炉渣泥烧制成陶粒,起到合理处置炉渣泥的作用。【方法】根据粒径大小从炉渣中分离出的炉渣泥,与粉煤灰、石英粉和高岭土按照质量比3∶3∶3∶1的配比制作成球形颗粒,放入马弗炉中烧结。按照GB/T 17342.1测试陶粒性能,并对陶粒微观形态、晶体结构和重金属浸出等进行测定。【结果】炉渣泥中有2种重金属超标,分别为镉和锌。生活垃圾焚烧炉渣泥陶粒在烧制温度为1175℃时,所得陶粒堆积密度和抗压强度有较大增长,1 h吸水率下降。烧结时间在10~15 min时,陶粒1 h吸水率变化幅度最大。预热温度过高,预热时间过长,不利于陶粒产生良好膨胀效果。在最佳烧制工艺条件下,所制得的陶粒堆积密度为783kg·m^(-3),抗压强度为7.9 MPa,1 h吸水率为9.8%,符合轻集料GB/T 17431.1的国家标准。最佳工艺烧制的陶粒重金属镉和锌的浸出质量浓度分别为0.0065和0.5117 mg·L^(-1),远低于炉渣泥本身镉和锌的浸出质量浓度。通过生活垃圾焚烧炉渣泥制作陶粒,实验室中制作陶粒的成本为28.0元·m^(-3),根据市场陶粒价格,每立方米的陶粒可获取102.0元利润。【结论】最佳烧制工艺的烧结温度为1175℃,烧结时间为15 min,预热温度为400℃,预热时间为20 min。陶粒的性质和重金属浸出含量符合国家标准。[Objective]This study attempts to prepare ceramsite from slag and sludge,which is produced in the incineration of municipal solid waste,so as to achieve a reasonable disposal of the slag and sludge.[Method]The slag sludge separated from the slag according to the particle size was made into spherical particles with fly ash,quartz powder and kaolin in a mass ratio of 3∶3∶3∶1,and then sintered in a muffle furnace.The properties of ceramsite were tested according to GB/T 17342.1,and the microscopic morphology,crystal structure and heavy metal leaching of ceramsite were measured.[Result]Two heavy metals in slag sludge exceeded the standard,namely cadmium and zinc.At 1175℃,the bulk density and compressive strength of the obtained ceramsite particles increased significantly,and the water absorption rate decreased in 1 h.When the sintering time was 10−15 min,the water absorption of ceramsite varied greatly in 1 h.Excessive preheating temperature and preheating time were not conducive to good expansion effect of ceramsite.Under the optimum firing conditions,the bulk density of the ceramsite obtained was 783 kg·m^(-3),the compressive strength was 7.9 MPa,and the water absorption rate in 1 h was 9.8%,conforming to the national standard of GB/T 17431.1 for lightweight aggregates.The leaching contents of cadmium and zinc in the ceramsite particles fired by the optimal process were 0.0065 and 0.5117 mg·L^(−1) respectively,which were far lower than the leaching contents of cadmium and zinc in the slag sludge itself.The cost of producing ceramsite from domestic waste incineration slag sludge in the laboratory was 28.0 yuan·m^(-3),and according to the market price of ceramsite,a profit of 102.0 yuan·m^(-3) of ceramsite could be generated.[Conclusion]The optimal sintering process includes a sintering temperature of 1175℃,a sintering time of 15 min,a preheating temperature of 400℃,and a preheating time of 20 min.The properties and heavy metal leaching content of ceramsite meet national standards.

关 键 词：生活垃圾焚烧炉渣 陶粒 炉渣泥 重金属 浸出毒性 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]