玛纳斯河流域绿洲农区残余盐渍化土壤质量评价  

Soil quality assessment of residual salinization in oasis agricultural area of Manasi river basin

作　　者：陈伟业 杨小虎 杨海昌 张凤华[1] CHEN Wei-ye;YANG Xiao-hu;YANG Hai-chang;ZHANG Feng-hua(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第4期1-7,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167036);兵团科技计划项目(2022ZD055);自治区重点研发计划(2022B02020-1)。

摘　　要：土壤质量评价对于评估土壤的现状与生产力、促进农业可持续发展、保护生态环境具有重大意义。通过分析玛纳斯河流域绿洲下属的7个灌区内盐渍化土壤理化性质,采用主成分分析法对玛纳斯河流域绿洲农区残余盐渍化土壤质量进行评价。结果表明:(1)影响玛纳斯河流域绿洲农区土壤质量的最小数据集包括土壤总盐、有机质、pH值、Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)、碱解氮和土壤质地;(2)绿洲农区土壤养分丰富度依次为:速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮、有机质;(3)绿洲农区土壤质量以Ⅱ级[0.65<土壤质量综合评价指数(IFI)≤0.85]、Ⅲ级(0.45<IFI≤0.65)为主,分别占绿洲农区总面积的47.30%、36.44%;(4)流域内莫索湾灌区和石河子灌区盐渍化土壤质量最优,其余依次为玛纳斯灌区、金沟河灌区、安集海灌区、下野地灌区和新湖总场灌区。综上所述,研究区内土壤养分较为匮乏,土壤盐分分布不均匀,土壤质量总体处于中等偏下状态,应当分区域制定土壤地力提升措施以保障流域内农业的可持续发展。Soil quality assessment is of great significance for assessing soil status and productivity,promoting sustainable agricultural development,and protecting the ecological environment.In this study,the physical and chemical properties of salinized soil in seven irrigation areas within the oasis of the Manasi river basin were analyzed,and the quality of salinized soil in oasis agricultural areas of the Manasi river basin was evaluated by principal component analysis.The results showed that:(1)The minimum data set affecting the soil quality of oasis agricultural areas in Manasi river basin included total soil salt,organic matter,pH value,Na^(+),Mg^(2+),alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and soil texture;(2)The degree of soil nutrient deficiency in oasis agricultural areas was ranked as available potassium>available phosphorus>available nitrogen>organic matter;(3)The soil quality of oasis agricultural area was mainly graded II[0.65<integrated fertility index(IFI)≤0.85]and grade III(0.45<IFI≤0.65),accounting for 47.30%and 36.44%of the total area of oasis agricultural area,respectively;(4)The saline soil quality of the Mosuowan irrigation district and Shihezi irrigation district in the basin was the best,followed by the Manasi irrigation district,Jingou river irrigation district,Anjihai irrigation district,Xiayedi irrigation district,and Xinhu Zongchang irrigation district.In summary,the soil nutrients in the study area are relatively scarce,the distribution of soil salinity is uneven,and the soil quality is generally in a medium-low state.Measures to improve soil fertility should be formulated in subregions to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in the basin.

关 键 词：土壤质量评价 残余盐渍化 主成分分析 绿洲农区 流域 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]