山东省长期连作杨树人工林的土壤理化特性与综合肥力评价  

Soil physico-chemical characteristics and comprehensive fertility of long-term continuous cropping poplar plantations in Shandong province

作　　者：贾国建 杜振宇[1] 马丙尧[1] 井大炜[2] 刘方春[1] 刘幸红[1] 李世会 董祎琳 马海林[1] JIA Guo-jian;DU Zhen-yu;MA Bing-yao;JING Da-wei;LIU Fang-chun;LIU Xing-hong;LI Shi-hui;DONG Yi�lin;MA Hai-lin(Shandong Academy of Forestry Sciences,Jinan Shandong 250014;Dezhou University,Dezhou Shandong 253023;Shanxian County Forestry Bureau,Shanxian Shandong 274300;Dingtao District Forestry Service Center,Heze Shandong 274100;Shandong Agricultural University,Taian Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]德州学院,山东德州253023 [3]单县林业局,山东单县274300 [4]菏泽市定陶区林业服务中心,山东菏泽274100 [5]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第4期8-15,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山东省农业科技资金(林业科技创新)项目(2019LY009);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2021SFGC0205);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目。

摘　　要：土壤理化特性是土壤综合肥力的重要组成部分,对于诊断土壤质量优劣具有重要意义,可为人工林的合理经营提供参考。以山东省杨树主栽区20块长期(10~60年)连作人工林样地为研究对象,取样测定15个土壤指标,研究了林地土壤的物理和化学特性,并采用综合指数法对土壤综合肥力进行了评价。结果表明:山东省杨树人工林土壤全钾、碱解氮含量总体上处于“很低”水平,有机质、全氮、全磷含量和电导率(EC)处于“较低”水平,有效磷、速效钾含量和容重处于“适中”水平,而毛管孔隙度处于“较高”水平。80%样地为微碱性砂质壤土或壤质砂土,砂粒含量较高,而粉砂粒、粘粒含量较低。不同样地间的土壤综合肥力存在较大差异,以鲁北区杨树人工林土壤综合肥力指数最高,显著高于鲁南、鲁西和鲁西南这3个栽培区。相关分析表明,土壤有机质、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、容重、粉砂粒、粘粒8个理化指标均对土壤综合肥力指数具有显著影响,而全氮、碱解氮、pH、EC、毛管孔隙度、砂粒、粉粘比7个指标与其相关性均不显著。杨树连作时间、林龄、林分密度对林地土壤肥力没有明显影响。Soil physico-chemical characteristics are an important part of soil comprehensive fertility,which is of great significance for diagnosing the soil quality and can provide a reference for the rational management of plantations.Taking 20 long-term(10-60 years)continuous cropping poplar plantation plots in the main planting area of poplar trees in Shandong province as the research objects,15 soil indexes were measured,and the physico-chemical characteristics of the forest soil were studied.The comprehensive fertility of the soil was evaluated by the comprehensive index method.The results showed that total potassium and alkaline nitrogen contents in soil of poplar plantations were generally at a“very low”level,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and conductivity(EC)were at a“low”level,and the available phosphorus,available potassium and bulk weight were at a“moderate”level,while the capillary porosity was at a“high”level.The soil texture from 80%of the plots are slightly alkaline sandy loam or loam sand,with a high sand content,while the contents of silt and clay are low.There were large differences in soil comprehensive fertility between different plots,with the highest comprehensive soil fertility in poplar plantations in northern region of Shandong province,which was significantly higher than those in the southern,western,and southwestern cultivation areas of Shandong province.The correlation analysis showed that eight soil physico-chemical indexes,such as soil organic matter,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available potassium,bulk weight,silt and clay,had a significant impact on the soil comprehensive fertility index,while the correlation between the soil comprehensive fertility and other seven indexes,such as total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,pH,EC,capillary porosity,sand and silt/clay,was not significant.Poplar continuous cropping time,stand age and density did not have a significant effect on soil fertility of plantation.

关 键 词：杨树人工林 土壤理化特性 综合肥力指数 相关分析 山东省 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S714[农业科学—林学]