生物炭与有机肥施用对红壤理化性质及氮素径流损失的影响  

Effects of biochar and organic fertilizer application on physical and chemical properties of red soil and nitrogen losses by runoff

作　　者：杨宇 李成蓉 彭银 曾猛 达布希拉图 YANG Yu;LI Cheng-rong;PENG Yin;ZENG Meng;Dabuxilatu(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第4期16-24,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(4196070320)。

摘　　要：利用田间径流小区试验,研究生物炭和有机肥施用对白菜地土壤地表径流氮素损失及土壤理化性质的影响,设置常规施用化肥(CK)、生物炭配施化肥(B)、有机肥配施化肥(F)、生物炭+有机肥配施化肥(BF)4个处理,探究施加生物炭和有机肥对土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、团聚体以及氮素径流损失的影响。结果表明:B与F处理较CK处理均能显著提高土壤有机质含量和阳离子交换量,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,B处理提高有机质含量、阳离子交换量要优于F处理,F处理土壤团聚体稳定性要优于B处理,BF处理提高有机质含量、阳离子交换量及团聚体稳定性能力介于B、F处理之间;在整个生育期内,B、F处理均能降低氮素的径流损失,F处理降低氮素的径流损失要优于B处理,BF处理降低氮素的径流损失要优于B、F处理。相关分析表明,径流液总氮与>2 mm粒径团聚体呈极显著相关(P<0.01);径流液中硝态氮的损失量与有机质含量、阳离子交换量、平均质量直径、几何平均直径呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体占比呈显著相关(P<0.05);径流液中铵态氮的损失量与有机质含量、阳离子交换量显著相关(P<0.05);冗余分析表明,团粒结构的提高是氮素径流损失减少的主要环境因子。在植株收获后,各处理土壤全氮含量均有所提高,B处理显著高于F处理,BF处理位于B和F处理之间。综合考虑氮素径流损失和土壤理化性质的改变,生物炭+有机肥配施化肥效果最佳。The plot experiment was used to study the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer application on soil nitrogen loss from surface runoff and soil physical and chemical properties in Chinese cabbage field.Four treatments were set up:conventional application of chemical fertilizer(CK),biochar combined with chemical fertilizer(B),organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(F),biochar+organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(BF).Soil organic matter,cation exchange capacity,aggregates,and nitrogen losses by runoff were determined.The results showed that B and F treatment significantly improved the soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity values and improved the stability of soil aggregates,compared with CK treatment.B treatment was better than F treatment in improving the content of organic matter and cation exchange capacity,F treatment was better than B treatment in improving the stability of soil aggregates,and BF treatment had the ability to improve the content of organic matter,cation exchange capacity and aggregates stability between B and F treatment.In the whole growth period,treatment B and F reduced nitrogen losses by runoff.Treatment F was better than treatment B in reducing nitrogen losses by runoff,and treatment BF was better than treatment B and F in reducing nitrogen losses by runoff.The correlation analysis showed that the total nitrogen in runoff solution was extremely significantly correlated with aggregates with particle size>2 mm(P<0.01).The loss of nitrate nitrogen by runoff was extremely significantly correlated with organic matter content,cation exchange capacity,mean mass diameter and geometric mean diameter(P<0.01),while it was significantly correlated with aggregates with particle size>0.25 mm(P<0.05).The loss of ammonium nitrogen by runoff was significantly correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity(P<0.05).Redundancy analysis showed that the improvement of aggregate structure was the main environmental factor for the reduction of nitrog

关 键 词：生物炭 有机肥 氮径流损失 团粒结构 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]