黄河宁夏段泥沙和灌淤土团聚体速效氮磷分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of available nitrogen and phosphorus in the aggregates of sediment and the irrigation silting soils in Ningxia section of the Yellow River

作　　者：赵营[1,2] 刘晓彤 冒辛平[1,2] 罗健航 柯英[1] 张学军 ZHAO Ying;LIU Xiao-tong;MAO Xin-ping;LUO Jian-hang;KE Ying;ZHANG Xue-jun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002;National Agricultural Experimental Observation Station for Agricultural Environment in Yinchuan,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]国家农业环境银川观测实验站,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第4期34-39,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U20A20114);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03304);国家自然科学基金项目(41401319)。

摘　　要：为明确黄河上游宁夏段泥沙输入对农田灌淤土团聚体和土壤培肥的影响特征,在干流动态采集了5月(春灌)、8月(夏灌)、10月(冬灌)的沉积泥沙,以灌淤土为对照,测定了其机械稳定性团聚体及其NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N、有效磷含量。结果表明,黄河宁夏段泥沙中<0.25 mm团聚体占70.8%~87.5%;>0.25 mm团聚体数量、平均重量直径和几何平均直径均为8月>10月>5月,泥沙团聚体稳定性显著低于灌淤土。泥沙团聚体无机氮以NO3--N为主,占78.9%~99.3%。泥沙1~2或0.5~1 mm团聚体有效磷含量较高。5、8月泥沙和灌淤土各粒径团聚体无机氮含量呈正相关,而在10月呈负相关。不同灌溉时期泥沙和灌淤土各粒径团聚体有效磷含量均呈负相关。因此,黄河宁夏段灌溉泥沙<0.25 mm微团聚体对灌淤土团粒结构影响较大,春灌时期不同粒径团聚体泥沙速效氮磷含量最高。In order to make clear the characteristics of soil aggregate and fertility in irrigation silting soils affected by sediment input in Ningxia section of the Yellow River,sediments were dynamically sampled in May(spring irrigation),August(summer irrigation),and October(winter irrigation)in the main river;and in contrast to irrigation silting soils,the mechanical composition,mechanical stable aggregates and their nitrate,ammonium nitrogen,and available phosphorus contents were determined,respectively.The results showed that sediment aggregate of<0.25 mm accounted for 70.8%~87.5%;aggregates of>0.25 mm,mean weight diameter,and geometric mean diameter of sediment were showed as August>May>October,and its aggregates stability was significantly lower than that in the irrigation silting soils.Nitrate contents in different particle size aggregates of sediment accounted for 78.9%~99.3%of mineral nitrogen.Available phosphorus contents were even higher in aggregates of 1~2 or 0.5~1 mm in sediment.Mineral nitrogen contents in different aggregates between sediment of May/August and irrigation silting soils was positively correlated,but the correlation was negative in October.Available phosphorus contents in different particle size aggregates between sediment and irrigation silting soils was always negatively correlated.Therefore,sediment aggregates of<0.25 mm have a great influence on aggregate structure in the irrigation silting soils,and available nitrogen and phosphorus is the highest in different particle size aggregates of sediment during spring irrigation period in Ningxia section of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：黄河宁夏段 泥沙 机械稳定性团聚体 无机氮 有效磷 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]