吉林省西部玉米氮、磷、钾肥施用效果及养分吸收利用特征  

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application and characteristics of nutrient absorption and utilization of maize in western of Jilin province

作　　者：孙玲 孙志旭 尤迪[2] 于双成[2] 朱健菲 刘振刚[2] 王年一 SUN Ling;SUN Zhi-xu;YOU Di;YU Shuang-cheng;ZHU Jian-fei;LIU Zhen-gang;WANG Nian-yi(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin Jilin 132101;Jilin Province Soil Fertilizer Station,Changchun Jilin 130033)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业科技学院农学院,吉林吉林132101 [2]吉林省土壤肥料总站,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第4期85-91,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：吉林省自然科学基金项目(20230101313JC);吉林农业科技学院博士启动基金项目(2022728)。

摘　　要：明确吉林省西部生态区玉米作物的氮、磷、钾肥施用效果及养分吸收利用特征,为该地区肥料的合理配置与施用提供依据,对持续推进化肥减量增效及农业绿色发展具有积极意义。基于2015—2019年中央财政测土配方施肥项目在吉林省西部布置的360个玉米“3414”田间试验,研究了不同施肥条件下的玉米产量,对比分析氮、磷、钾肥的增产效应以及不同肥料的农学效率和肥料贡献率。结果表明,吉林省西部生态区玉米氮磷钾配施N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别是209.20、97.80、85.15 kg/hm^(2))的玉米产量最高,平均产量为9.46 t/hm^(2),较不施肥处理平均增产50.64%。与各缺素处理相比,增施氮、磷、钾肥平均增产2.21、1.37、1.32 t/hm^(2),增幅分别为37.81%、23.65%、22.41%。与不施肥处理比较,缺素处理的玉米产量差异显著,其高低顺序为N_(2)P_(2)K_(0)(8.14 t/hm^(2))>N_(2)P_(0)K_(2)(8.09 t/hm^(2))>N_(0)P_(2)K_(2)(7.25 t/hm^(2)),表明吉林省西部玉米的养分限制因子顺序为氮>磷>钾。施用氮、磷、钾肥增加玉米养分吸收量(N 192.5 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)86.5 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 217.4 kg/hm^(2))。在吉林省西部生态区,玉米作物的氮、磷、钾肥平均农学效率分别为15.11 kg/kg N、22.28 kg/kg P_(2)O_(5)、19.44 kg/kg K_(2)O,平均利用率分别为39.50%、29.27%、45.71%,平均肥料贡献率分别为23.72%、17.59%、14.97%。吉林省西部生态区玉米施肥的增产效果和肥料利用率较高,但仍应结合当地土壤条件,积极进行培肥改良,并应用减肥增效等相关技术,根植科学施肥理念,以提高肥料利用效率,实现玉米增产和土壤肥力的提高。The application effect and nutrient absorption and utilization characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium potassium fertilizer of maize were clarified in western Jilin province,to provide basis for rational application and allocation of fertilizer,and play a positive role in continuously promoting the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizer and promoting the green development of agriculture.A total of 360 maize“3414”field experiments were conducted in the west of Jilin province during 2015-2019 under the soil testing and formula fertilization project of the central finance.The maize yield under different fertilization conditions was studied,and the yield increasing effect of increasing nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well as the agronomic efficiency and fertilizer contribution rate of different fertilizers were compared.The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium combined application of N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)(fertilizer N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O were 209.20,97.80 and 85.15 kg/hm^(2),respectively)had the highest maize yield,with an average yield of 9.46 t/hm^(2) and an average yield increase of 50.64%compared with that without fertilization.The average yield of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application treatments increased by 2.21,1.37 and 1.32 t/hm^(2),with increase of 37.81%,23.65%and 22.41%,respectively,compared with the treatments of different nutrient deficiency.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,the yields of maize in the different nutrient deficiency treatments were significantly different,and the order was N_(2)P_(2)K_(0)(8.14 t/hm^(2))>N_(2)P_(0)K_(2)(8.09 t/hm^(2))>N_(0)P_(2)K_(2)(7.25 t/hm^(2)),indicating that the order of nutrient limiting factors of maize was nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium in western Jilin province.At the same time,treatments with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application increased tje plant nutrient uptake(N 192.5 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)86.5 kg/hm^(2) and K_(2)O 217.4 kg/hm^(2)).In western of Jilin province,the average agricultural e

关 键 词：吉林省西部 产量 氮素 磷素 钾素 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]