不同形态氮肥对玉米干物质、氮素积累及土壤氮素的影响  

Dry matter,nitrogen accumulation of maize and soil nitrogen in response to different forms of nitrogen fertilizers

作　　者：付帅 王艳群 刘晓明 付鑫 门明新 叶建勋 温敏 彭正萍 FU Shuai;WANG Yan-qun;LIU Xiao-ming;FU Xin;MEN Ming-xin;YE Jian-xun;WEN Min;PENG Zheng�ping(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071001;State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Baoding Hebei 071001;Shenzhou Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Shenzhou Hebei 053000)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071001 [2]华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北保定071001 [3]深州市农业农村局,河北深州053000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第4期122-129,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901003);河北省人才工程培养项目(A201910003);河北农业大学科研发展基金计划项目(JY2022005)。

摘　　要：为提高玉米生产过程中的氮素利用,减少氮素损失,采用田间原位试验法,在农民习惯施用酰胺态尿素的基础上研究相同施氮量下不同形态氮素对玉米干物质积累量、氮素吸收利用、产量及土壤氮素的影响。设置不施氮肥(CK)、酰胺态氮肥(T1)、铵态氮肥(T2)、硝态氮肥(T3)和硝/铵态氮肥(T4)5个处理。结果表明:(1)成熟期各处理干物质和氮素积累量均为T4>T3>T1>T2>CK,T4的干物质累积量较其他施氮处理显著提高6.3%~15.0%,氮素累积量较其他施氮处理增加6.4%~30.1%;该处理延长了玉米干物质和氮素积累旺盛期,推迟了玉米干物质和氮素积累速率最大时间。(2)与T1、T2比较,T4的土壤氮素依存率、氮素表观损失分别显著减少10.9%~23.1%、12.8%~49.1%。整个生育期,各施氮处理的土壤硝态氮含量明显高于铵态氮,且各处理的土壤硝态氮含量降幅大于铵态氮。(3)T4的氮肥利用效率、氮肥生产效率、氮肥农学效率及玉米产量均较优,其氮肥利用效率、氮肥生产效率、氮肥农学效率分别较其他施氮处理提高6.8%~25.9%、7.3%~14.4%、21.3%~48.3%,产量显著增加7.3%~14.4%。因此,硝/铵态氮肥配施在河北黑龙港地区比农民习惯施用尿素更能促进玉米增产和氮素利用,有效减少氮素表观损失。To improve nitrogen utilization and reduce the loss of nitrogen during maize growing periods,a field experiment was conducted.We evaluated the effects of different nitrogen forms on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen absorption and utilization,yield of maize and soil nitrogen under the same rate of nitrogen application with the basis of farmers’habitual application of amide urea.Five treatments were set up in this experiment:without nitrogen fertilizer(CK),amide nitrogen fertilizer(T1),ammonium nitrogen fertilizer(T2),nitrate nitrogen fertilizer(T3)and nitrate/ammonium nitrogen fertilizer(T4).Results showed that:(1)The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of maize differed among the treatments at maturity,i.e.,T4>T3>T1>T2>CK.The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of T4 were significantly increased by 6.3%~15.0%and 6.4%~30.1%,respectively,compared with those of other nitrogen treatments.This treatment prolonged the period of peak dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in maize and delayed the moment of the maximum accumulation rate of dry matter and nitrogen in maize.(2)Compared with T1 and T2,the soil nitrogen dependence rate and the apparent nitrogen loss of T4 decreased by 10.9%~23.1%and 12.8%~49.1%,respectively.For the whole growing period,soil nitrate nitrogen content in nitrogen treatment was significantly higher than the ammonium nitrogen content.The decreasing extent of soil nitrate nitrogen content was higher than that of ammonium nitrogen under all treatments.(3)The nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen production efficiency,nitrogen agronomy efficiency and yield of maize in T4 were higher than those of other nitrogen treatments,and increased by 6.8%~25.9%,7.3%~14.4%,21.3%~48.3%and 7.3%~14.4%,respectively.Therefore,compared with farmers’conventional application of urea,the combined application of nitrate/ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can increase maize yield and nitrogen utilization,reduce nitrogen loss in Heilonggang,Hebei province.

关 键 词：夏玉米 氮素形态 干物质 氮素利用 土壤氮素 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]