绿洲盐化潮土施锌对玉米生长和锌形态转化的影响  

Effects of zinc application on maize growth and zinc speciation transformation in saline fluvo-aquic soil of Hexi oasis area

作　　者：马前瑞 霍琳[2] 杨思存[1,2] 蔡立群[1] 王成宝[2] 温美娟 MA Qian-rui;HUO Lin;YANG Si-cun;CAI Li-qun;WANG Cheng-bao;WEN Mei-juan(College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第4期163-169,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967016);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2020GAAS19)。

摘　　要：为了揭示施锌对绿洲盐化潮土区玉米生长和锌形态变化的影响,通过盆栽模拟的方法,探讨了不同盐分浓度条件下(轻度、中度、重度)外源锌施入对玉米株高、干重、含锌量、吸锌量和各形态锌含量的影响。结果表明:相同盐分浓度条件下,施锌10 mg/kg使得玉米株高、干重、含锌量、吸锌量和土壤有效锌含量分别增加了8.5%~21.6%、21.7%~333.3%、107.3%~154.7%、166.7%~965.9%和451.3%~547.2%,碳酸盐结合态、松结有机态、氧化锰结合态、无定形氧化铁结合态、晶型氧化铁结合态、残留矿物态锌含量分别增加了147.4%~173.3%、122.4%~152.1%、11.6%~12.6%、32.6%~33.4%、17.6%~18.0%、3.1%~3.2%;相同施锌条件下,随着土壤盐分浓度的增加,玉米株高、干重、含锌量、吸锌量和土壤有效锌含量分别降低了6.5%~36.4%、12.8%~89.9%、5.5%~22.0%、17.4%~92.2%和4.8%~18.1%,碳酸盐结合态、松结有机态、氧化锰结合态锌含量分别降低了4.7%~15.0%、3.6%~13.7%、10.4%~25.6%,无定形氧化铁结合态、晶型氧化铁结合态、残留矿物态锌含量分别升高了1.9%~5.8%、0.4%~3.5%、0.6%~2.2%。综合分析认为,在盐渍化环境中,施锌能够改善玉米生长状况的主要原因是大幅度提高了碳酸盐结合态、松结有机态2种有效态锌含量,在短期内改善了土壤-作物系统锌营养水平,提高了玉米的耐盐性。To reveal the effects of zinc application on the maize growth and zinc morphological changes in saline fluvo-aquic soils in Hexi oasis area,and the effects of exogenous zinc application on the plant height,dry weight,zinc content,zinc uptake of maize,and the contents of various form zinc in the soil under different salt concentrations(mild,moderate and severe)were simulated by pot experiment.The results showed that under the same salt concentration,zinc application of 10 mg/kg increased the plant height,dry weight,zinc content,zinc uptake of maize and the content of soil available zinc by 8.5%-21.6%,21.7%-333.3%,107.3%-154.7%,166.7%-965.9%and 451.3%-547.2%,respectively;and the zinc contents of carbonate bound state,loose organic state,manganese oxide bound state,amorphous iron oxide bound state,crystalline iron oxide bound state and residual mineral state in the soil increased by 147.4%-173.3%,122.4%-152.1%,11.6%-12.6%,32.6%-33.4%,17.6%-18.0%and 3.1%-3.2%,respectively.Under the same zinc application condition,with the increasing of soil salt concentration,the plant height,dry weight,zinc content,zinc uptake of maize and the content of soil available zinc decreased by 6.5%-36.4%,12.8%-89.9%,5.5%-22.0%,17.4%-92.2%and 4.8%-18.1%,respectively;and the contents of carbonate bound state,loose organic state and manganese oxide bound state in the soil decreased by 4.7%-15.0%,3.6%-13.7%and 10.4%-25.6%,respectively;while the contents of amorphous iron oxide bound state,crystalline iron oxide bound state and residual mineral state in the soil increased by 1.9%-5.8%,0.4%-3.5%and 0.6%-2.2%,respectively.All the results indicated that in the salined environment,the main reasons why zinc application could improve the growth status of maize were that it greatly increased the contents of two effective zinc forms,namely,CAB-Zn and WBO-Zn,improved the zinc nutrition level of the soil-crop system in the short term,and improved the salt tolerance of maize.

关 键 词：绿洲盐化潮土 锌形态 玉米生长 施锌 盐分浓度 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]