悬顶采空区分类分区勘探及防控技术研究  

Research on the classified and zoning exploration and control technology for suspended-roof goaf

作　　者：牟义 余波[3] 武智东 徐慧 李健 孙庆先[1,2] 张军建 MU Yi;YU Bo;WU Zhidong;XU Hui;LI Jian;SUN Qingxian;ZHANG Junjian(Mine Safety Technology Branch of China Coal Research Institute,Chaoyang,Beijing 100013,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Efficiency Mining and Clean Utilization,China Coal Research Institute,Chaoyang,Beijing 100013,China;Chahasu Coal Mine,SPIC Nei Mongol Energy Co.,Ltd.,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017209,China;College of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司安全分院,北京市朝阳区100013 [2]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室〈煤炭科学研究总院〉,北京市朝阳区100013 [3]国家电投集团内蒙古能源有限公司察哈素煤矿,内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯017209 [4]山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东省青岛市266590

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2023年第7期44-55,共12页China Coal

基　　金：中国煤炭科工集团基金重点项目(2019-ZD004),煤科院基金(2019CX-Ⅱ-13)。

摘　　要：为了解决悬顶采空区突然塌陷的安全隐患,将悬顶采空区划分为同煤层、上部煤层、下部煤层及地表建(构)筑物下4类类型,按照隔离煤柱及密闭、压架、蹬空开采、建(构)筑物等典型要素的危险性划分为危险区、较危险区和一般危险区。针对4类悬顶采空区致灾因素进行了勘探技术研究,设计了几种典型勘探技术,采用单点地震法和矿井瞬变电磁法对隔离煤柱/密闭厚度进行探测,采用地震波CT和槽波地震法对应力集中区进行探测,采用矿井瞬变电磁法对“两带”发育高度进行探测、采用高密度电法对建(构)筑物下悬顶采空区范围进行探测,为后续评估、治理提供了依据。针对悬顶采空区提出了几种典型治理与监测技术,采用水力致裂卸压防治上部悬顶采空区对下部煤层综采压架,采用隔离煤柱加固技术对同煤层悬顶采空区进行治理,采用地表岩移监测和井下受威胁区域监测技术监测悬顶采空区。In order to solve the hidden safety hazards of the sudden collapse of the suspended-roof goaf,the suspended-roof goafs are divided into four types of suspended-roof goaf types:goaf at the same coal seam,goaf at the upper coal seam,goaf at the lower coal seam,and goaf under the surface constructions or structures,and according to the dangers of typical elements such as isolated coal pillars and sealed area,supports pressing,mining over goaf and constructions(structures),the suspended-roof goaf are divided into dangerous areas,relatively dangerous areas and general dangerous areas.The exploration technology research was carried out for the four types of disaster-causing factors of the suspended-roof goaf,and several typical exploration technologies were designed.The single-point seismic method and the mine transient electromagnetic method were used to detect the thickness of isolated coal pillar or sealed area,the seismic wave CT and slot wave seismic methods were used to detect the stress concentration area,the mine transient electromagnetic method was used to detect the development height of"two zones",and the high-density electrical method was used to detect the scope of the suspended-roof goaf under constructions(structures),which provided a basis for subsequent evaluation and control.Several typical control and monitoring technologies had been proposed for the suspended-roof goaf,hydraulic fracturing and pressure relief methods were used to prevent the upper suspended-roof goaf from pressing the supports during fully mechanized mining at the lower coal seam,isolation coal pillar reinforcement technology was used to control the suspended-roof goaf at the same coal seam,and surface rock movement monitoring and underground threatened area monitoring technologies were used to monitor the suspended-roof goaf,and corresponding control and monitoring technical solutions had been designed.

关 键 词：悬顶采空区 应力集中区 悬顶采空区类型 危险性划分 勘探技术 

分 类 号：TD32[矿业工程—矿井建设]