澳大利亚露天煤矿发展研究  

Research on the development of open-pit coal mines in Australia

作　　者：张鹏 倪坤 王晗 于海旭 刘欣 李庆健 金磊 杜勇志 李新鹏 卑若楠 ZHANG Peng;NI Kun;WANG Han;YU Haixu;LIU Xin;LI Qingjian;JIN Lei;DU Yongzhi;LI Xinpeng;BEI Ruonan(China Energy Baorixile Energy Co.,Ltd.,Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia 021000,China;Information Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management of PRC,Chaoyang,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]国能宝日希勒能源有限公司,内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市021000 [2]应急管理部信息研究院,北京市朝阳区100029

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2023年第7期128-136,共9页China Coal

摘　　要：为借鉴先进产煤国家经验,推进我国露天煤矿高质量发展,通过研究分析澳大利亚60年来露天煤矿的发展历程,采用定量研究和定性分析相结合的方法,研究分析了澳大利亚露天煤炭资源分布、露天煤矿生产现状和生产结构、开采技术和装备应用、生态环境保护等方面的规律、特点和经验。研究表明,澳大利亚充分发挥了露天开采生产规模大、劳动效率高、煤炭供应有保证等优势,优先发展露天开采,开采工艺以无运输倒堆工艺和间断式开采工艺为主,开采装备向大型化和智能化发展;露天煤矿向大型化和集约化发展,大型露天煤矿智能化发展进入规模化应用阶段;生态环境保护的原则是恢复到扰动之前的状态。基于此,中国可借鉴澳大利亚在煤炭资源条件适宜的地区持续扩大露天煤矿生产规模的做法,进一步扩大露天煤矿产量和开采集中度,重点发展半连续开采工艺,将生态环境保护要求贯穿于露天煤炭开采的全过程,实现露天煤矿开采的良性循环。In order to draw on the experience of advanced coal producing countries and promote the high-quality development of open-pit coal mines in China,the development history of open-pit coal mines in Australia over the past 60 years was studied and analysed,as well as the laws,characteristics and experiences in the distribution of open-pit coal resources,the current production status and structure of open-pit coal mines,mining technology and equipment applications,and ecological environment protection in Australia by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.The results show that Australia gives full play to the advantages of open-pit coal mine,such as large production scale,high labor efficiency,guaranteed coal supply,and gives priority to the development of open-pit mining;the mining technology is dominated by the non-transportation dumping technology and intermittent mining technology,and the mining equipment is developing towards large-scale and intelligent;the open-pit coal mine is developing towards large-scale and intensive development,and the intelligent development of large-scale open-pit coal mines has entered the stage of large-scale application;the principle of ecological environment protection is to restore to the state before disturbance.On the basis,China can learn from Australia's practice of continuously expanding the production scale of open-pit coal mines in areas with suitable coal resources conditions,further expand the output and mining concentration of open-pit coal mines,focus on the development of semi-continuous mining technology,apply the requirements of ecological environment protection through the whole process of open-pit coal mining,so as to achieve a virtuous circle of open-pit coal mining.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 资源分布 开采工艺 采矿装备 生态环境保护 智能化发展 

分 类 号：TD824[矿业工程—煤矿开采]