基于拥挤定价理论的城际高速铁路浮动定价策略  

Floating pricing strategy of intercity high-speed railway based on congestion pricing theory

作　　者：范骁 景云[2] 张莹 郭思冶 李凯旋 FAN Xiao;JING Yun;ZHANG Ying;GUO Siye;LI Kaixuan(Planning Research Department,China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100038,China;School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司规划研究所,北京100038 [2]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报》2023年第3期44-51,共8页JOURNAL OF BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2022JBQY006);国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1201401)。

摘　　要：针对城际高速铁路旅客出行特征较为明显、出行时间较为集中,造成了客流高峰期车厢拥挤、平峰期运量虚靡等问题,提出浮动定价策略.首先,分析拥挤定价理论对于城际高速铁路定价的适用性.其次,给定客流平峰期和高峰期的划分依据,针对高峰期考虑拥挤区段出行的惩罚费用,构建以铁路部门收入最大和旅客出行阻抗效用最小的多目标优化模型;针对客流平峰期考虑旅客对不同运输属性的偏好权重,构建以铁路客票收益最大和广义出行费用最小的双层规划模型.最后,以沪宁城际高速铁路为例进行实证研究.研究结果表明:基于拥挤定价理论的城际高速铁路浮动定价模型能够将原拥挤区段列车满载率由1.02~1.12波动区间降至0.91~0.99波动区间,为均衡优化客流结构提供了可靠保障.In view of the obvious travel characteristics and concentrated travel time of intercity highspeed railway passengers,which have caused the problems of crowded carriages in peak passenger flow and empty traffic volume in off peak period,a floating pricing strategy is proposed.Firstly,the applicability of congestion pricing theory to the pricing of intercity high-speed railways is analyzed.The research begins by establishing criteria for classifying off-peak and peak periods of passenger flow.For the peak periods,a penalty cost for travel in congested sections is considered.A multi-objective optimization model is developed to maximize revenue for the railway sector and minimize passenger travel impedance utility.As for the off-peak periods,the preferences of passengers for different trans⁃port attributes are taken into account.A two-level planning model is constructed to maximize railway ticket revenue and minimize generalized travel cost.Finally,the Shanghai-Nanjing intercity highspeed railway is taken as an example for the empirical study.The results indicate that the floating pricing model based on congestion pricing theory effectively reduces the full load rate of trains in the origi⁃nal congested section from a fluctuation range of 1.02~1.12 to a range of 0.91~0.99.This model pro⁃vides a reliable guarantee for achieving a balanced optimized passenger flow structure.

关 键 词：城际高铁 浮动定价 拥挤定价 双层规划 粒子群算法 

分 类 号：U293[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]