“合宪性审查时代”的宪法学:基础与前瞻  

Constitutional Law Study in the"Era of Constitutional Review":Basis and Prospect

作　　者：张翔[1] Zhang Xiang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（宪法学、行政法学）》2019年第7期3-16,共14页CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

基　　金：2018年度中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“部门法的合宪性控制”(18XNL013)的研究成果。

摘　　要：中国宪法学面临可能到来的“合宪性审查时代”。改革开放以来,从“宪法监督”到“合宪性审查”的制度演进,以及建构“合宪性法秩序”的学理预备,为新时代宪法学的自省确立了外部和内部条件。建构中的合宪性审查的“前端”(法律草案的合宪性控制)和“后端”(备案审查中的合宪性审查)两种机制,为宪法学设定了新的议题。合宪性审查新机制的建立,部分地为宪法教义学的开展排除了制度障碍。与司法中心的违究审查制度下的宪法教义学不同,中国合宪性审查制度下的宪法学应该更多关注“立法中的宪法教义学”,从积极和消极两个层次,为立法的“内容形成”和“越界控制”提供智识支撑。此外,应当将宪法教义学的视野从基本权利领域拓展到国家机构领域,并积极推进“宪法程序法”研究。宪法学应当在与其他部门法学科和其他社会科学的良好互动沟通下,协力推进法治建设与国家治理现代化。China's constitutional law study is facing a possible upcoming"era of constitutional review".The in-stitutional evolution from"constitutional supervision"to"constitutional review"since the reform and opening-up poli-cy and academic preparations for the construction of a constitutional legal order constitute the external and internal conditions of self-examination of constitutional law study in the new era.The front-endthe guarantee of the constitu-tionality of draft lawand the rear-end-the review of the constitutionality of particular law in the recording proce-dure-of the constitutional review system under construction provide new issues for constitutional law study.The new constitutional review system has removed some of the institutional obstacles for constitutional law dogmatics.Distin-guished from constitutional law dogmatics under judicial-centralistic constitutional review system,constitutional law study under the distinctive constitutional review system in China should emphasize the dogmatics in lawmaking,so as to provide intellectual support from the active and passive aspects for norm-shaping and limit-control in law-making.Meanwhile,in addition to fundamental rights,constitutional law dogmatics should pay attention to state institutions,strengthen the constitutional procedure law study,and interact with studies of other branches of law and other social sciences so as to promote the legal construction and modernization of state governance.

关 键 词：合宪性审查 立法 宪法教义学 国家机构教义学 宪法程序法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]