2009—2020年上海市宝山区居民呼吸系统疾病死亡的流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory disease mortality in residents of Baoshan,Shanghai 2009-2020

作　　者：汪金辰 刘世友[1] 蔡卫华[1] 朱三妹[1] 茅俭英[1] WANG Jinchen;LIU Shiyou;CAI Weihua;ZHU Sanmei;MAO Jianying(Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201901,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201901

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2023年第5期421-425,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市宝山区医学重点专科B类(BSZK-2023-BZ14)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解2009—2020年上海市宝山区居民呼吸系统疾病死亡的流行病学特征。【方法】收集2009—2020年宝山区居民呼吸系统疾病死亡资料,采用国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)进行死因编码分类,应用R 4.2.1软件进行统计分析。运用Joinpoint 4.9.0.0软件计算各类呼吸系统疾病标化死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。【结果】2009—2020宝山区居民呼吸系统疾病年均粗死亡率为58.86/10万,标化死亡率为35.62/10万,居全死因顺位第3位。男性呼吸系统疾病死亡率高于女性(χ^(2)=46.70,P<0.001)。慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称“慢阻肺”)居2009—2020年呼吸系统疾病粗死亡率的首位,其他依次是肺炎、支气管哮喘(简称“哮喘”)和尘肺。慢阻肺标化死亡率从2009年的38.66/10万降至2020年的19.88/10万,AAPC=-6.6%(95%CI:-8.2%~-4.9%),P<0.001。哮喘标化死亡率从2009年的2.86/10万降至2020年的1.43/10万,AAPC=-5.8%(95%CI:-8.8%~-2.8%),P<0.01。尘肺标化死亡率从2009年的0.64/10万降至2020年的0.12/10万,AAPC=-7.4%(95%CI:-13.0%~-1.5%),P<0.05。肺炎标化死亡率从2009年的2.63/10万降至2020年的0.70/10万,AAPC=-6.2%(95%CI:-12.2%~0.2%),P=0.056。慢阻肺、肺炎、哮喘的年均粗死亡率均为1月份最高。慢阻肺(χ^(2)=2669.01,P<0.001)、肺炎(χ^(2)=217.82,P<0.001)、哮喘(χ^(2)=100.09,P<0.001)、尘肺(χ^(2)=26.46,P<0.001)和全类别呼吸系统疾病(χ^(2)=2995.84,P<0.001)粗死亡率随着年龄的增加呈上升趋势。宝山区慢阻肺(χ^(2)=101.69,P<0.001)、肺炎(χ^(2)=7.39,P<0.01)和哮喘(χ^(2)=7.41,P<0.01)的粗死亡率为中部高于北部,慢阻肺(χ^(2)=19.97,P<0.001)的粗死亡率为中部高于南部。【结论】应重点关注慢阻肺,加强男性和高龄老人的检测,尤其是在冬春季节。在规划地区发展时做好环境和经济的平衡。[Objective]To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory disease mortality in Baoshan residents during the period of 2009-2020.[Methods]Respiratory disease deaths of Baoshan residents from 2009-2020 were collected.ICD-10 codes were used to classify the causes of death,and R-4.2.1 was applied for statistical analysis.The average annual percent change(AAPC)of standardized mortality rates of different respiratory diseases were analyzed by using Joinpoint 4.9.0.0.[Results]The average annual mortality rate of respiratory diseases in Baoshan from 2009 to 2020 was 58.86/105,and the standardized mortality rate was 35.62/105,which was the 3rd leading cause of mortality.The mortality rate of respiratory diseases was higher in men than in women(χ^(2)=46.70,P<0.001).COPD ranked first among respiratory diseases in Baoshan from 2009 to 2020,followed by pneumonia,asthma and pneumoconiosis in that order.The standardized mortality rate for COPD decreased from 38.66/105 in 2009 to 19.88/105 in 2020(AAPC=−6.6%,95%CI:−8.2%to−4.9%,P<0.001).The standardized mortality rate of asthma decreased from 2.86/105 in 2009 to 1.43/105 in 2020(AAPC=−5.8%,95%CI:−8.8%to−2.8%,P<0.01).The standardized mortality rate of pneumoconiosis decreased from 0.64/105 in 2009 to 0.12/105 in 2020(AAPC=−7.4%,95%CI:−13.0%to−1.5%,P<0.05).The standardized mortality rate for pneumonia decreased from 2.63/105 in 2009 to 0.70/105 in 2020(AAPC=−6.2%,95%CI:−12.2%to 0.2%,P=0.056),but not statistically significant.The annual average mortality rates of COPD,pneumonia and asthma were all highest in January.Crude mortality rates for COPD(χ^(2)=2669.01,P<0.001),pneumonia(χ^(2)=217.82,P<0.001),asthma(χ^(2)=100.09,P<0.001),pneumoconiosis(χ^(2)=26.46,P<0.001)and all categories of respiratory diseases(χ^(2)=2995.84,P<0.001)increased with age showed an increasing trend.The crude mortality rates for COPD(χ^(2)=101.69,P<0.001),pneumonia(χ^(2)=7.39,P<0.01)and asthma(χ^(2)=7.41,P<0.01)were higher in the central than in the northern pa

关 键 词：呼吸系统疾病 死亡率 流行病学 特征分析 变化趋势 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学] R714.253[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]