辩经形式语义学  

A Research on Buddhist Debate Semantics

作　　者：许春梅[1] Xu Chunmei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所,北京100005

出　　处：《西藏研究》2023年第2期82-92,163,164,共13页Tibetan Studies

摘　　要：以新因明为指导,用形式语义学方法,可以建立一套更为直观的辩经语义学。这套模型语义学,不仅适用于藏传辩经,也有助于深入研究新因明在辩经中的运用:(1)藏传辩经的语义模型是二叉树的正、反向叙述,集合了找正因和推理这两方面于整个辩经过程。一个好的辩经就是有结果、有输赢的辩经,本质上就是能找到两棵在根节点上相互矛盾的二叉树。(2)九句因理论为我们提供了一种探讨任意两概念间的内在逻辑关系的范式,而因三相理论则揭示了因明推理中正因所应具备的条件,这两个理论既有利于辩论者建立有利于推理的应成式,又有利于立论者快速识别正误与作答。(3)新因明将比量二分,明确区分悟者与被悟者,这在辩经过程中立论者与辩论者的角色、功能及所作等方面表现尤为明显。In this article,the author proposes a new Buddhist scripture debate semantics under the guidance of Hetuvidyā.This Navya-hetuvidyābased semantics could not only apply for Tibetan Buddhist scripture deba te but also contribute to research of Navya-hetuvidyāin Buddhist scripture debate.There are three reasons,firstly semantics model in Tibetan Buddhist scripture debate is the forward and reverse narration of binary tree,which integrates the two aspects of finding the right cause and reasoning in the whole process of scripture debate.Secondly,the theory of nine possible combinations of like and unlike examples in a syllogism provides the paradigm of internal logical relations to discuss any two concepts,while the theory of Trairūpya reveals the conditions that positive cause should have in reasoning,these two theories are not only helpful for the debater to establish a reasonable formula for reasoning but also helpful for the arguer to identify the answer is right or wrong rapidly.Finally,Navya-hetuvidyādivides Anumāna into two parts,one is the sage and the other is the enlightened person,makes debater’s and arguer’s role function and role behaviors could be clearly observed during the process of scripture debate.

关 键 词：新因明 藏传辩经 辩经形式语义学 二叉树 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]