极端高温环境对骏枣和伏脆蜜枣光合特性的影响  

Effects of extreme high temperature environment on photosynthetic characteristics of Junzao and Fucuimi

作　　者：杨晓娟 靳娟 樊丁宇[2] 郝庆[2] 杨磊[2] 耿文娟[1] YANG Xiaojuan;JIN Juan;FAN Dingyu;HAO Qing;YANG Lei;GENG Wenjuan(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology(Xinjiang),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C./Research Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业部新疆地区果树科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第7期1679-1688,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2019D01A64);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-30);新疆红枣产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(XJCYTX-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同品种及同一品种不同叶位红枣叶片响应极端高温环境的光合特性,为枣树抗逆、高产、高效栽培提供依据。【方法】以2个耐高温差异明显品种骏枣和伏脆蜜枣为试材,通过人工温室模拟吐鲁番高温胁迫,采用Li-6400光合仪测定2个品种在昼温/夜温为42℃/30℃持续7 d高温胁迫叶片光合参数变化。【结果】高温使骏枣叶片气孔关闭,细胞内外气体交换减少,进入细胞CO 2减少,同时水分利用效率降低,两者均不能满足光合作用所需,导致叶片光合速率降低;伏脆蜜枣叶片净光合速率(Pn)在连续7 d高温胁迫期间没有发生明显变化,且Pn与蒸腾速率(Tr)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),Pn与胞间CO 2浓度(Ci)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),气孔没有完全闭合,仍在气体交换,叶片通过气孔进行蒸腾作用,带走一部分热量从而降低叶片温度,减小了高温对伏脆蜜枣叶片光合作用的影响。持续高温胁迫期间伏脆蜜枣不同枝条部位叶片的光合作用周变化始终高于骏枣,伏脆蜜枣适应高温胁迫的能力更强。伏脆蜜枣的新梢比2年生枝条叶片光合作用强,伏脆蜜枣新梢叶片适应高温胁迫的能力最强。【结论】高温使红枣叶片水分利用效率(WUE)和气孔导度(Gs)下降从而导致光合速率下降,连续7 d高温胁迫伏脆蜜不同枝条部位叶片抗高温能力更强,其中伏脆蜜新梢叶片抗高温能力最强,最能适应高温环境。【Objective】To study the photosynthetic characteristics of jujube leaves of different varieties in response to extreme high temperature in the hope of laying a foundation for stress resistance,high yield and efficient cultivation of jujube trees.【Methods】The two varieties with obvious high temperature resistance and the changes of high temperature stress were measured by Li-6400 photosynthetic meter at the day temperature/night temperature of 42℃/30℃.【Results】High temperature made the stomata of Junzao leaves closed,reduced the gas exchange inside and outside the cells,thus less CO 2 going into the cells,and the water utilization efficiency was reduced,both of which could not meet the needs of photosynthesis,resulting in the reduction of leaf photosynthetic rate;The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of jujube leaves did not change significantly during the continuous 7 d high temperature stress,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate was significantly positively correlated(P<0.01),net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO 2 concentration was of significant negative correlation(P<0.01),so that the stoma was not completely closed,and there was still gas exchange.The leaves transpirated through the pores,taking away part of the heat to reduce the leaf temperature,reducing the impact of high temperature on the photosynthesis of Fucuimi jujube leaves.During the continuous high temperature stress period,the photosynthesis weekly change of the leaves in different branches of the jujube was always higher than that of the Junzao,and the jujube had a stronger ability to adapt to the high temperature stress.The shoots of jujube are more photosynthesis than the leaves of biennial branches,with the strongest ability to adapt to high temperature stress.【Conclusion】High temperature makes the water utilization efficiency and stomatal conductivity of jujube leaves decrease,which leads to the decrease of photosynthetic rate.The different branches of the leaves have stronger high temperature resistance,amon

关 键 词：枣 高温胁迫 光合作用 新梢 两年生枝条 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]