景观植物白粉病重寄生菌的调查及分离方法  

Occurrence of Ampelomyces-hyperparasites of Erysiphales infesting iandscapeplant and optimizing isolation method

作　　者：唐晓雪 孙璘 哈孜拉·赛依里罕 李文丽 董沛竺 任毓忠[1,2] 李国英 TANG Xiaoxue;SUN Lin;Hazila Saiyilihan;LI Wenli;DONG Peizhu;REN Yuzhong;LI Guoying(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;Key Laboratory for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第7期1748-1755,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160357);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201900)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究景观植物白粉病重寄生菌的调查及分离方法。【方法】2020年调查石河子地区18种景观植物白粉病重寄生菌,优化采集的样品上白粉寄生孢的分离方法,并筛选适合分离用的培养基。【结果】17种植物上有白粉寄生孢的寄生现象,其中菊科植物白粉病上最易被寄生,平均寄生指数为40.92;对高氏白粉菌属(Golovinomyces)的寄生程度较高,平均寄生指数为43.59。与直接挑取法(分离率30%)相比,采用水琼脂过滤的改良挑取法可以显著增加分离的成功率(分离率90%),且能有效减少杂菌的覆盖生长,降低分离污染率。白粉寄生孢在Czapek、PDA、PSA及其分别添加了麦芽提取物的6种培养基上均能生长,分离率在90.0%以上,但在不同培养基上的生长速度存在明显差异,添加麦芽提取物可显著提高菌落的生长速度,其中改良PSA和改良的Czapek培养基更利于白粉寄生孢的分离。【结论】白粉寄生孢在石河子地区景观植物白粉病上寄生较为普遍,菊科植物白粉病菌最易被白粉寄生孢寄生。采用水琼脂过滤改良方法挑取分生孢子器+添加麦芽提取物的PSA和Czapek培养基是分离白粉寄生孢菌的有效方法。【Objective】Occurrence of Ampelomyces-hyperparasites of Erysiphales infesting iandscapeplant and optimizing isolation method.【Methods】In 2020,white powdery mildew parasite infesting 18 landscape plant species in Shihezi area were investigated,the isolation method of Ampelomyces quisqualis on the collected samples was optimized,and the medium suitable for isolating Ampelomyces was selected.【Results】The presence of Ampelomyces was detected on 17.The higher number of the samples with mycoparasites was noted in the case of compositae(the incidence of parasitism by A.quisqualis was 40.92).The highest number of the samples with mycoparasites was noted in the case of Golovinomyces(43.59 of the samples).The isolation rate of the water agar filter pickingpycnidia(90%)method was significantly(P<0.01)higher than that of direct pickingpycnidia with needle(30%)and reduced the contamination.The Ampelomyces were all able to grow on six medium,Czapek,PDA,PSA and their added malt extracts respectively,with isolation rates above 90.0%.But there were significant differences in the growth rate on different media.The growth rate of the colonies was significantly(P<0.05)enhanced due to the addition of malt extract,where the modified PSA and Czapek medium were more favorable for the isolation of Ampelomyces.【Conclusion】The high participation of the Ampelomyces is noted in the powdery mildew of the study.The water agar filter pickingpycnidia+the modified PSA and Czapek medium adding malt extract is effective method to isolate Ampelomyces.

关 键 词：白粉寄生孢 白粉病 重寄生 分离方法 

分 类 号：S436.8[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]