噪声暴露对听觉系统的影响研究进展  

Research Progress on the Effects of Noise Exposure to Auditory System

作　　者：姜凌宵 林莹 JIANG Ling-Xiao;LIN Ying

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学医学技术与信息工程学院,杭州310053

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2023年第4期399-402,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：浙江中医药大学科研基金项目(2020ZG28)。

摘　　要：人类的生活、工作环境中噪声无处不在,长时间或反复暴露于高强度(≥105 dB SPL)噪声环境会损伤听觉外周,引起明显的听力下降,导致噪声性聋(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL),同时外周因暴露损伤引起的输入变化会导致听觉中枢神经活动的代偿性变化。某些低强度噪声暴露虽然不会造成动物的听阈变化,但可对听觉中枢产生可塑性影响,并且影响阈上的听觉行为表现,这提示较低强度噪声对听觉中枢的隐匿暴露危害。为全面了解不同强度噪声对听觉系统功能的危害,本文回顾噪声暴露对听觉外周及中枢的可塑性影响研究进展,阐述不损伤听阈的噪声暴露对听觉系统的影响特点。Noise is ubiquitous in the living and working environment of human beings.Long-term or repeated exposure to high-intensity(≥105 dB)noise environment will damage the auditory systems,cause significant hearing loss,and lead to noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL).At the same time,peripheral input changes due to injury can lead to compensatory changes in auditory central nerve activity.In recent years,some studies have found that low-intensity noise exposure has plastic effects on the auditory center and affects the auditory behavioral performance above the threshold,although it doesn't cause changes in the animals'hearing thresholds.This suggests the"hidden exposure hazard"of lower-intensity noise to the auditory center.In order to fully understand the harm of different intensity noise to the auditory system,this article will review the research progress on the effect of noise exposure on the auditory peripheral system and plasticity of the auditory center,and emphasize the characteristics of the effect of noise exposure on the auditory system without causing the hearing threshold.

关 键 词：噪声暴露 听觉中枢 可塑性 听觉外周 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]