微型智能气象站降雨观测对比试验  

Comparison Experiment for Rainfall Observation of Micro-smart Weather Stations

作　　者：王振超 陈雪娇 刘姝 花家嘉 刘文忠[3] Wang Zhenchao;Chen Xuejiao;Liu Shu;Hua Jiajia;Liu Wenzhong(China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory,Xiong'an New Area 071000;Hebei Xiong'an New Area Meteorological Service,Xiong'an New Area 071000;Hebei Meteorological Technology and Equipment Center,Shijiazhuang 050021)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室,雄安新区071000 [2]河北雄安新区气象局,雄安新区071000 [3]河北省气象技术装备中心,石家庄050021

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2023年第4期438-450,共13页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：河北省气象局科研开发项目(21kyd07)。

摘　　要：为了增强对微型(一体式)智能气象站(简称微智站)测雨性能的认识,2021年6—11月河北雄安新区气象局开展了不同测雨原理微智站的对比试验。分析表明:过程雨量不低于10 mm时,翻斗式微智站相对于标准站能够满足观测误差的控制要求,雷达式微智站测值偏大,光电式和压电式微智站测值偏小;过程雨量小于10 mm时,翻斗式微智站和压电式微智站相对于标准站能够满足观测误差的控制要求,雷达式微智站测值偏大,光电式微智站测值偏小。在雨强方面,双翻斗式微智站适合降雨极大值观测,光电式微智站和压电式微智站降雨极大值测值偏小;微智站雨强累积占比大于95%的雨强为[0.3 mm·min^(-1),0.6 mm·min^(-1)],雨量累积占比大于50%的雨强为[0.1 mm·min^(-1),0.4 mm·min^(-1)]。雷达式微智站对降雨响应比较快。微智站雨量传感器的分辨力越精细,对细微降雨观测越有效,有效降雨率也越大。In order to enhance the understanding of rainfall observation performance of micro-smart(integrated)weather stations and to promote the application in rainfall observation operations,a comparative experiment for the rainfall observation of radar,photoelectric,piezoelectric and tipping bucket micro-smart weather stations is carried out by Hebei Xiong'an New Area Meteorological Service from June to November in 2021.The rainfall observation capability of micro-smart weather stations with different rainfall observation principles are analyzed in terms of total rainfall,rainfall intensity,percentage of rainfall intensity and temporal characteristics.It shows that when the accumulated precipitation exceeds 10 mm,the precipitation measured by the tipping bucket micro-smart weather station can meet observation error control requirements compared with the precipitation observed by the standard station,while results of the radar micro-smart weather station are large and results of the photoelectric and piezoelectric micro-smart weather stations are small.When the cumulative precipitation is less than 10 mm,results of the tipping bucket and piezoelectric micro-smart weather stations can meet observation error control requirements,while results of radar micro-smart weather stations are large and results of photoelectric micro-smart weather stations are small.In terms of rainfall intensity,the double tipping bucket station is suitable for monitoring rainfall extreme,while photovoltaic and piezoelectric stations underestimate the extreme.Radar-based micro-smart weather stations can be calibrated and revised for rainfall extreme monitoring by adjusting internal parameters.Analysis of different rainfall intensities and their corresponding rainfall ratios show that the rain intensity corresponding to a rain intensity accumulation ratio greater than 95%at each micro-smart weather station is[0.3 mm·min^(-1),0.6 mm·min^(-1)]and the rain intensity corresponding to a rainfall accumulation ratio greater than 50%is[0.1 mm·min^(-1),0.

关 键 词：微型(一体式)智能气象站 降雨特性 外场对比观测 

分 类 号：P415.12[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]