基于ArcGIS的城市屋顶太阳能应用潜力评估  

ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF URBAN ROOFTOP SOLAR ENERGY BASED ON ArcGIS

作　　者：齐中琨 沈朝 王芳 QI Zhongkun;SHEN Chao;WANG Fang(School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150090,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《低温建筑技术》2023年第6期96-101,共6页Low Temperature Architecture Technology

摘　　要：随着光伏技术的发展,屋顶光伏系统在城市中发挥着越来越重要的作用,而评估城市建筑屋顶太阳能资源,寻求光伏设备最佳安装地点,是屋顶光伏系统开发利用的基础,但由于城市建筑数量庞大,气象观测设备不足,无法直接得到所有屋顶的观测数据,故亟需利用已有观测数据来估计其他地点太阳辐射量的方法。文中基于ArcGIS中的太阳辐射模拟工具,以哈尔滨市南岗区中心城区为例,获取了研究区域建筑屋顶海拔高度栅格数据,并采用气象站点日太阳辐射实测数据,对太阳辐射模拟计算所需的大气透过率T与散射率D进行了公式拟合,最后采用拟合公式对南岗区中心城区内所有建筑物进行模拟分析,导出了当地建筑屋顶太阳能分布地图,可探究建筑物屋顶太阳辐射分布及由于建筑物高度不同产生的阴影互相遮挡的影响。结果表明南岗区2021年建筑物屋顶太阳总辐射值为1287.79kW·h/m^(2),且由于阴影遮挡产生的辐射损失约为7.63%,其中有91.4%投影面积的建筑屋顶年累计太阳辐射量超过1000kW·h/m^(2)。With the development of photovoltaic technology,rooftop photovoltaic systems are playing an important role in cities.The solar energy resources on the roofs of urban buildings are assessed to determine the optimal instal⁃lation location for photovoltaic equipment,which is the foundation for the development and utilization of rooftop pho⁃tovoltaic systems.However,due to the large number of urban buildings and insufficient meteorological observation equipment,it is not possible to directly obtain all observation data on the roofs.Therefore,there is an urgent need to use existing observational data to estimate the amount of solar radiation at other locations.Taking the central urban area of Nangang District,Harbin City as the case,the grid data of building roof elevation in the study area is ob⁃tained throughthe solar radiation simulation tool in ArcGIS.The daily solar radiation measurement data from meteo⁃rological stations are used to fit the atmospheric transmittance T and scattering rate D required for solar radiation simulation calculation.Finally,the fitting formula is used to simulate and analyze all buildings in the central urban area of the district.A map of the solar energy distribution on the roofs of local buildings is obtained for the distribu⁃tion of solar radiation on the roofs of buildings and the impact of shadows generated by different building heights on each other.The results show that the total solar radiation value on the roofs of buildings in the district in 2021 is 1287.79kW·h/m^(2),and the radiation loss caused by shadow shading is about 7.63%,in which,91.4%of the building roofs with a projected area have an annual cumulative solar radiation amount exceeding 1000kW·h/m^(2).

关 键 词：ARCGIS 太阳辐射模拟 参数拟合 屋顶光伏潜力评估 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]