基于反渗透膜富集的水体总α/β放射性测量方法及实验  

Method and Experiment of Gross α/β Radioactivity in WaterBased on Reverse Osmosis Membrane Enrichment

作　　者：张瑞琦 汪建业[1] 赵南京[1] 冯江平[3] 吴孟李 ZHANG Ruiqi;WANG Jianye;ZHAO Nanjing;FENG Jiangping;WU Mengli(Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Shenzhen Environmental Monitoring Center,Shenzhen 518000,China;Zhuhai City Water Supply and Drainage and Pollution Control Center,Zhuhai 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,安徽合肥230026 [3]广东省深圳生态环境监测中心站,广东深圳518000 [4]珠海市供水与排水治污中心,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2023年第7期1443-1450,共8页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

摘　　要：传统水体总α/β放射性检测方法操作复杂且耗时,无法及时报告水体放射性指标。针对这一问题,本文提出基于膜富集技术的水体总α/β放射性检测方法,研发并制造基于该检测方法的设备,研究并确定该系统下膜组件对α和β核素的富集回收率。在实际环境样品测量中,新方法与其他两家采用标准方法的机构总α测量的相对误差分别为3.94%和5.17%;总β测量结果的相对误差分别为2.04%和11.93%。将自主研发的仪器进行为期一个月的外场连续自动检测,结果表明,系统运行稳定,且与标准方法相比制样时间缩短了77%,单个样品检测周期缩短了70%,总α/β检测结果相对误差均小于10%,可以满足连续自动检测的需求。The thick source method is widely used in the detection of grossα/βradioactivity in water bodies due to its low detection limit.However,this method has the problems of many chemical reagents,complicated and time-consuming manual operation,which can’t report the radioactivity index of water bodies in time.In order to reduce the manual operation and improve the detection efficiency,the method of grossα/βradioactivity detection in water based on membrane enrichment technology was proposed.The principle of this method is to give a certain pressure for water to pass through the reverse osmosis membrane to retain the solutes in water on the membrane surface,and then measure its gross radioactivity after drying and curing,which has the characteristics of simple operation and no chemical reagents.And the single test process was simplified into several steps including new membrane weighing,background measurement,filter enrichment,wet membrane drying,dry film weighing and activity measurement.Thanking to this simple process,an automatic detection device for grossα/βradioactivity in water was developed and manufactured,and the enrichment recovery ofαandβnuclides by the membrane modules under this system was studied and determined.The research and development of reverse osmosis membrane components and the basic structure of automatic radiation detection device for detecting grossα/βradioactivity in water were introduced in this paper.The functional relationship between powder source quality and detection efficiency was studied,with fitting coefficients of higher than 0.99.In addition,the concentration recoveries(P)ofαandβnuclides were studied and determined.The results show that the recoveries ofαandβnuclides in the system are higher than 99%when the volume of water sample is 2 L.In real environmental samples,the relative errors of the grossαradioactivity measured by the new method were 3.94%and 5.17%,the relative errors of the grossβradioactivity measured by the new method were 2.04%and 11.93%,compared wit

关 键 词：反渗透膜 富集 总α 总β 测量装置 

分 类 号：TL364.5[核科学技术—核技术及应用]