彩礼返还请求权的规范构造  

The Normative Structure of the Claim for Restitution of Betrothal Gifts

作　　者：姚明斌[1] 刘亦婷 Yao Mingbin;Liu Yiting

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院 [2]华东政法大学

出　　处：《南大法学》2023年第4期1-17,共17页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：2021年度上海市“曙光计划”项目(21SG50)、2021年度华东政法大学科学研究项目(21HZK001)、华东政法大学第二届优秀研究生导学团队培育项目(2023-YJSDX-006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典婚姻家庭编解释(一)》第5条关于彩礼返还的规定,是一个情景式的个别规则,需借助法教义学原理作检视和定位,以还原彩礼返还规范之全貌。彩礼给付是目的性给付,其给付目的具有“集合”属性,包含常态元素(登记结婚、共同生活)和个性元素。任一元素未被满足,给付目的即未全部实现,会触发男方的目的不达不当得利请求权,女方应返还与给付目的未实现范围相对应的彩礼。“给付方生活困难”因素的正当性,应在目的不达不当得利框架中理解。当事人过错原则上不应作为影响彩礼返还的因素。若彩礼已被消耗于共同生活之外,应体系化适用“得利不存在”抗辩规则。后民法典时代的解释论作业,应重视法教义学体系对司法解释中情景式规则的规范还原功能。The provision on restitution of betrothal gifts in Article 5 of Interpretation I of the Supreme People s Court on the Application of the“Marriage and Family”Book of the Civil Code of the People s Republic of China is just a situational individual provision that must be reviewed and positioned with the help of the legal dogmatics to restore a complete picture of the rule of restitution of betrothal gifts.The betrothal gifts performance is performance with purpose,which has the attribute“collection”including normal elements(“registered marriage”,“living together”)and individual elements.If any element is not fulfilled,the purpose of the performance will not be fully realized,triggering the man s right to unjust enrichment for missing purpose(condictio ob rem),and the woman should restitute the betrothal gifts according to the unfulfilled scope of the purpose of performance.The legitimacy of the“destitution due to betrothal gifts performance”factor should be understood in the context of condictio ob rem.In principle,the fault of the parties should not be relied upon as a factor influencing the restitution of betrothal gifts.If the betrothal gifts were consumed outside of“living together”,the defense rule of“non-existence of enrichment”should be applied coordinating with the norm system.When interpretating the Civil Code,attention must be paid to the function of the legal dogmatics restoring complete norm from situational rules of the Supreme People s Court s interpretation.

关 键 词：彩礼返还 目的性给付 给付目的 目的不达不当得利 法教义学 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]