河南烟区烟草镰刀菌根腐病病原鉴定及侵染烟草根系观察  

Identification of pathogens causing tobacco Fusarium root rot in Henan tobacco-growing area and their infections to tobacco root system

作　　者：邱睿[1] 李小杰[1] 李娟[1,2] 刘畅 陈玉国[1] 李成军[1] 何晓冰[3] 苗圃 白静科[1] 刘东升 李淑君[1] QIU Rui;LI Xiaojie;LI Juan;LIU Chang;CHEN Yuguo;LI Chengjun;HE Xiaobing;MIAO Pu;BAI Jingke;LIU Dongsheng;LI Shujun(Key Laboratory for Green Preservation&Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area,Tobacco Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xuchang 461000,Henan,China;Dingxi Plant Protection and Quarantine Station,Dingxi 743000,Gansu,China;Pingdingshan Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Pingdingshan,467002,Henan,China;Luoyang Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Luoyang,471000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院烟草研究所烟草行业黄淮烟区烟草病虫害绿色防控重点实验室,河南省461000 [2]定西市植保植检站,甘肃省743000 [3]河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司,河南省467002 [4]河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司,河南省471000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2023年第7期17-24,共8页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技项目“烟草根腐病害发生的微生物群落分析和生态风险预警研究”(2020410000270012);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金计划项目“烟草茄病镰刀菌复合群系统发育与致病特性研究”(2022YQ09);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队“烟草主要病虫害绿色防控关键技术研究与应用”(2022TD26)。

摘　　要：为明确河南烟区烟草镰刀菌根腐病的病原组成结构及其侵染过程,通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定了从河南烟区分离的烟草镰刀菌根腐病病原菌,采用组织染色显微和荧光显微观察了病原菌对烟草根系的侵染过程。结果表明,豫南和豫西烟区尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)平均检出率最高,分别为53.04%和48.18%;其次是茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)和层出镰刀菌(F.proliferatum),平均检出率分别为33.62%、37.24%和6.67%、9.91%。豫中烟区茄病镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌的平均检出率相近,分别为46.19%和45.48%,各烟区均检出共享镰刀菌(F.commune)、三线镰刀菌(F.tricinctum)和藤仓镰刀菌(F.fujikuroi)等新的病原菌。尖孢镰刀菌可通过根系表皮细胞间隙、根毛、根系破损细胞处、侧根生长处等位点侵染植物组织;附着在植株根系表面的病原孢子萌发形成芽管,通过植物表皮细胞间隙及根毛顶端侵入烟草组织,之后芽管生长分化形成菌丝,菌丝沿皮层薄壁细胞间隙逐渐扩展延伸,进入维管束并大量繁殖,进而堵塞导管管腔,阻止水分及营养运输,造成植物病变。因此,尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和层出镰刀菌为河南各烟区镰刀菌根腐病的主要病原;尖孢镰刀菌可通过多种途径侵染烟草,病原菌在接触烟株根系早期开始侵染。In order to clarify the pathogen structure and infection process of tobacco Fusarium root rot in Henan tobacco-growing area,the isolated pathogen from Henan tobacco-growing area were identified by morphological and molecular determinations,and the infection process of the pathogens were observed by histological staining and fluorescence microscopy.The results showed that the average detection rates of Fusarium oxysporum in southern and western Henan were 53.04%and 48.18%respectively,which were the highest;these were followed by F.solani and F.proliferatum,with average detectable rates of 33.62%,37.24%,6.67%and 9.91%respectively.The average detection rates of F.solani and F.oxysporum in central Henan were similar,which were 46.19%and 45.48%respectively.New pathogens such as F.commun,F.tricinctum and F.fujikuroi were detected in all tobacco-growing areas.F.oxysporum could infect the plant tissues through gaps between root epidermal cell,root hairs where root cells damage and lateral roots grow.The pathogenic spores attached to the root surface that germinated to form germ tubes which invaded the plant tissues through gaps between the plant epidermal cells and the top of root hairs,then the germ tubes grew and differentiated to form hyphae.The hyphae gradually expanded and extended along the gaps between cortical parenchyma cells,then entered the vascular bundles,eventually reproduced in large numbers in the vascular bundles and blocked the lumens of the ducts.The end result prevented water and nutrient transportation,finally caused plant diseases.Therefore,F.oxysporum,F.solani and F.proliferatum are the main pathogens of Fusarium root rot in the tobacco-growing areas of Henan.F.oxysporum can infect tobacco in a variety of ways,and this pathogen begins to infect tobacco at the early stage of contacting tobacco roots.

关 键 词：河南烟区 烟草镰刀菌根腐病 病原 侵染过程 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]