基于SWAT模型的钱塘江流域(杭州段)土壤侵蚀模拟研究  

SWAT Model-based Simulation for Soil Erosion in Qiantang River Basin(Hangzhou Section)

作　　者：丁建华 邓圆谧 田刚 王冉 DING Jianhua;DENG Yuanmi;TIAN Gang;WANG Ran(Zhejiang Guangchuan Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Hangzhou 310017,Zhejiang,China;Jiaxing Hydrological Station,Jiaxing 314001,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江广川工程咨询有限公司,浙江杭州310020 [2]浙江省水利防灾减灾重点实验室,浙江杭州310017 [3]嘉兴市水文站,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《浙江水利科技》2023年第4期89-95,共7页Zhejiang Hydrotechnics

摘　　要：为加快杭州市生态文明建设、防治区域水土流失,利用SWAT模型定量模拟钱塘江流域(杭州段)径流和泥沙产生量,分析流域土壤侵蚀空间分布特征和典型水文年的土壤侵蚀年际变化特征。结果表明:流域多年平均产流量为901 mm,多年平均产沙量为6.17×10^(6)t,平均土壤侵蚀模数为443.82 t/(km^(2)·a),总体属微度侵蚀;单位面积产沙量较大的子流域是1、2、8、10,年均产沙量为10.69~13.05 t/ha;泥沙产生量与降水量呈正相关关系,年际变化较大。提出通过加强经济林地保护管理、加大旅游区整治和实施生态清洁小流域建设等措施,针对性地防治流域土壤侵蚀。In order to speed up the construction of ecological civilization and prevent regional soil erosion in Hangzhou,SWAT model was used to quantitatively simulate runoff and sediment production in Qiantang River Basin(Hangzhou section),revealed the spatial distribution regularities of soil erosion,and analyzed the inter-annual variation characteristics of soil erosion in typical hydrological years.The results showed that the annual average runoff yield is 901 mm,the annual average sediment yield was 6.17×10^(6)t,the average soil erosion modulus was 443.82 t/(km^(2)·a),and it belonged to micro-erosion.The sub-basins with larger sediment yield per unit area were 1,2,8,10,and the average annual sediment yield was 10.69~13.05 t/ha.There was a positive correlation between sediment generation and precipitation,which varied greatly between years.Some measures,such as strengthening the protection and management of economic forest land,increasing the renovation of tourist areas and implementing the construction of ecological clean small watersheds,were put forward to prevent and control soil erosion in watersheds.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 SWAT模型 钱塘江流域 杭州市 空间分布 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]