2020年8月黄河中游致洪暴雨气象水文特征  

Meteorological and hydrological characteristics of flood causing rainstorm in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in August 2020

作　　者：乔春贵[1,2,3] 王君 梁钰 杨立志[6] QIAO Chungui;WANG Jun;LIANG Yu;YANG Lizhi(Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Guarantee and Application Technology,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Basin Meteorological Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Meteorological Observatory,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Provincial Meteorological Society,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Meteorological Observation Data Center,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]黄河流域气象中心,郑州450003 [3]河南省气象台,郑州450003 [4]河南省气象学会,郑州450003 [5]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [6]河南省气象探测数据屮心,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象科学》2023年第3期358-369,共12页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：河南省联合基金(应用攻关类)(222103810092);中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室重点项目(KZ202001);河南省科技厅重点研发与推广专项(212102310025);2023年度河南省重点研发专项(科技攻关(232102320027));中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项(22NLTSY005)。

摘　　要：利用ECMWF提供的ERA5再分析资料(分辨率0.25°×0.25°)和黄河流域加密的气象水文实况资料,分析了降水集中期的气象水文特征。结果表明:平均中纬度低槽、南亚高压和阻塞高压偏强,副热带高压位置偏西、偏北,且异常偏强是造成2020年8月黄河中游持续性强降水的主要环流背景;水汽输送较常年同期偏多,来自东海和孟加拉湾的东南和西南暖湿气流沿副热带高压边缘不断输送到黄河中游地区,并和中纬度低槽携带的冷空气在此交汇形成持续性的强降水。水文特征分析表明,导致潼关水文站出现3次洪水的较大面雨量,主要来源于潼关以上的8个子流域;2020年8月的洪水超过2011年9月的,为潼关站近20 a来的最大的洪水过程;5号和6号洪水连续超过编号标准的时长,为120 h和44 h,最大流量达6300 m^(3)·s^(-1);流量开始增加的时间落后降水开始的时间12 h~3 d,峰值落后降水结束的时间12 h~4 d;黄河支流水文站的流量峰值与水文站所在子流域降水范围、量级呈正相关,流入潼关站的流量从大到小依次为龙门站、华县站、状头站和河津站。历史对比表明,2020年8月黄河中游累积面雨量为近30 a来最大,北部6个子流域面雨量表现更为极端,降水持续时间更长。Based on the ERA50.25°×0.25°reanalysis data provided by ECMWF and the encrypted real meteorological and hydrological data of the Yellow River Basin,the meteorological and hydrological characteristics of the precipitation concentration period were analyzed.Results show that the average mid-latitude low trough,South Asian High and blocking high are strong,and the subtropical high is located west to north and abnormally strong.These are the main circulation background that led to the persistent heavy precipitation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in August 2020.The water vapor transportation is abnormally more than the same period of the previous year.The southeast and southwest warm and humid air flow from the East China Sea and the Bay of Bengal is continuously transported along the edge of the subtropical high to the middle reaches of the Yellow River,where it intersects with the cold air carried by the mid-latitude low trough to form continuous heavy rainfall.The analysis of hydrological characteristics shows that the large areal rainfall that led to the occurrence of three numbered floods at the Tongguan Hydrological Station mainly came from the eight sub-basins above Tongguan.The flood in August 2020 exceeded that in September 2011,and was the largest flood in Tongguan Station in the past 20 years;The duration of No.5 and No.6 flood were 120 h and 44 h longer than numbering flood standard,with a maximum flow of 6300 m^(3)·s^(-1).The time when the flow began to increase is 12 h-3 d later than the time of precipitation starts,and the peak is 12 h-4 d later than the time of precipitation ends.There is a positive correlation between the peak discharge value of hydrology station of Yellow River tributaries and the range and magnitude of precipitation in the sub-basin where the hydrology station is located.The flow into Tongguan station is Longmen station,Huaxian station,Zhuangtou station and Hejin station in descending order.Historical comparison shows that the accumulated areal rainfall in the middle

关 键 词：黄河中游 南亚高压 副热带高压 编号洪水 气象水文特征 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]