土壤团聚体的形成和稳定机制:研究进展与展望  

Formation and Stability Mechanism of Soil Aggregates:Progress and Prospect

作　　者：刘亚龙 王萍[1] 汪景宽[1] LIU Yalong;WANG Ping;WANG Jingkuan(National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,沈阳110866

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第3期627-643,共17页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977088,41807089)资助。

摘　　要：土壤团聚体是土壤的重要组成部分、土壤结构的基本单元,对土壤生态功能(如碳固存和养分保持等)的维持至关重要。团聚体的形成和稳定主要是通过土壤中矿物、有机质和生物间复杂的相互作用实现的,但其作用机制尚缺乏系统总结。回顾了一个世纪以来有关土壤团聚体的研究历程,梳理了土壤团聚体关键理论提出的历史节点,包括重要的发现和理论观点、主要的理论模型和评价土壤团聚体结构和稳定性的指标等,比较了团聚体的筛分方法及粒级划分依据,分别阐述了团聚体基本结构单元(矿物、有机质和生物及其衍生物)的作用机理,以及微团聚体和大团聚体形成和稳定机制。通过总结发现,尽管目前对影响团聚体形成和稳定的因素及其作用机制有较深入的探讨,但鲜有从稻田及滨水土壤系统的角度探讨pH和氧化还原变化过程对团聚体形成和稳定的影响机制。最后对土壤团聚体研究领域未来的发展进行展望,以期为土壤资源的可持续利用提供理论参考。As the basic unit of soil structure,soil aggregates play an important role in the soil and are vital for maintaining soil ecological functions(such as carbon sequestration and nutrient retention,etc.).The formation and stability of aggregates are based on the complex interactions between minerals,organic matter and organisms in the soil,but the mechanisms of these interactions still lack a systematic summary.This article reviews the research history of soil aggregates over the past century and sorts out the historical nodes for the proposition of key theories,including important theoretical viewpoints,main theoretical models(Monnier’s aggregate stability model,Tisdall and Oades’aggregate hierarchy model,Six’s aggregate turnover model and Christensen’s tertiary structure model),indexes for evaluating the structure and stability of soil aggregates,comparison of two main sieving methods(dry and wet sieving),and classification basis and classification type for soil aggregates.Furthermore,it expounds on the action mechanism of aggregate basic structural units(minerals,organic matter,organisms and their derivatives)and the formation and stabilization mechanism of microaggregates and macroaggregates,detailing the aggregate formation by organo-mineral interactions(Wershaw’s bilayer model and Kleber’s zonal model)and biological control of aggregate turnover(Miller’s sticky string sag theory).Through this review,it is found that there are more in-depth discussions on the factors affecting the formation and stability of soil aggregates,but few studies have addressed the effects of pH and redox processes on the aggregates in the paddy and waterfront soil systems.Finally,the future development of soil aggregate research is highlighted,in expectation of providing theoretical reference for the sustainable use of soil resources.

关 键 词：土壤团聚体 土壤结构 有机矿物复合体 形成和稳定机制 土壤功能 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]