不同硝化抑制剂对稻季N_(2)O排放、NH_(3)挥发和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrification Inhibitors on N_(2)O Emission,NH_(3)Volatilization and Yield in Rice Season

作　　者：曾科 王书伟[1,3] 朱文彬[1,2] 田玉华 尹斌[1] ZENG Ke;WANG Shuwei;ZHU Wenbin;TIAN Yuhua;YIN Bin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jiangsu Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第3期503-511,共9页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200104,2016YFC0207906)资助。

摘　　要：为了筛选出水稻生产中应用效果更佳的硝化抑制剂,在太湖地区开展水稻季田间小区试验,尿素中分别添加化学合成硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(CP)和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)以及生物硝化抑制剂对羟基苯丙酸甲酯(MHPP),探讨3种不同硝化抑制剂对水稻季N_(2)O排放、NH_(3)挥发、水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与单施尿素处理相比,尿素添加3种硝化抑制剂能显著减少N_(2)O排放总量,抑制效果表现为DMPP(31.71%)>MHPP(30.40%)>CP(27.83%),不同硝化抑制剂间减排效果无显著差异;添加硝化抑制剂均显著增加了NH_(3)挥发总量,促进作用表现为CP(58.7%)>DMPP(40.3%)>MHPP(25.3%),不同硝化抑制剂间差异显著;添加硝化抑制剂的增产幅度为MHPP(4.9%)>CP(3.3%)>DMPP(1.1%),不同硝化抑制剂间无显著差异;氮肥表观利用率显著增加,表现为MHPP(15.7%)>CP(13.8%)>DMPP(10.9%),但不同硝化抑制剂间无显著差异;综合考虑活性气态氮损失量和水稻产量,3种硝化抑制剂相比单施尿素均显著增加了单位产量活性气态氮排放强度,增加幅度表现为CP(50.3%)>DMPP(35.0%)>MHPP(17.8%),CP显著高于DMPP和MHPP。综合比较,生物硝化抑制剂MHPP在水稻生产中增效减排的作用优于化学合成硝化抑制剂CP和DMPP,但在生产应用中要与其他NH_(3)挥发减排措施相结合,更好地发挥其增效减排潜力,推动农业绿色可持续发展。In order to screen out nitrification inhibitor with better application effect in rice production,a paddy field plot experiment was conducted in Taihu Lake region.Synthetic nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-(trichloro-methyl)pyridine(CP),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and biological nitrification inhibitor methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate(MHPP)were added into urea,then the effects of different nitrification inhibitors(NIs)on N_(2)O emission,NH_(3)volatilization,rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice season was investigated.The results show that compared with urea alone application,the addition of NIs decrease total N_(2)O emission but increase total NH_(3)volatilization.The inhibitory effects of different NIs on total N_(2)O emission are DMPP(31.71%)>MHPP(30.40%)>CP(27.83%),but no significant difference is found among different NIs.The promotion effects on total NH_(3)volatilization are CP(58.7%)>DMPP(40.3%)>MHPP(25.3%),no significant difference is found among different NIs.The rice yield and apparent N recovery efficiency are increased with NIs,effects of grain yield increase are MHPP(4.9%)>CP(3.3%)>DMPP(1.1%),and enhancement effects of nitrogen are MHPP(15.7%)>CP(13.8%)>DMPP(10.9%),no significant difference is found among different NIs.Comprehensively consider the rice yield and reactive gaseous nitrogen emission which induced by N_(2)O and NH_(3),NIs increase yield-scaled reactive gaseous nitrogen emission,and CP(50.3%)is higher than DMPP(35.0%)and MHPP(17.8%).Overall,our study suggests that MHPP may be a better choice than CP and DMPP which decrease nitrogen loss and increase yield.Furthermore,NH_(3)volatilization reduction measures should be combined with NIs to achieve better nitrogen use efficiency and promote the green sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：稻季 硝化抑制剂 N_(2)O排放 NH_(3)挥发 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]