不同绿肥对土壤肥力及后茬水稻养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Different Green Manures on Soil Fertility and Nutrient Uptake of Rice

作　　者：董青君 董玉兵 李卫红 谢昶琰 李传哲 张苗 陈川[1] 章安康[1] DONG Qingjun;DONG Yubing;LI Weihong;XIE Changyan;LI Chuanzhe;ZHANG Miao;CHEN Chuan;ZHANG Ankang(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第3期554-561,共8页Soils

基　　金：绿肥种质资源的收集;筛选及多功能利用项目(HNY202020);江苏省现代农业(水稻)产业技术体系项目(JATS[2021]207)资助。

摘　　要：为筛选适合研究区种植的绿肥品种,选取7种不同绿肥(紫云英、白三叶草、金花菜、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、油菜、二月兰),以冬闲田(CK)为对照,在苏北地区进行了大田试验,分析了不同绿肥品种的生长性状、养分含量及对土壤肥力和后茬水稻产量、养分吸收等的影响。结果表明:不同的绿肥作物品种存在着不同的生长差异,综合来看以光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量最高,分别为46.07、38.74 t/hm^(2),二者养分含量及累积量显著高于其他绿肥品种。种植绿肥促进土壤养分累积,具有提高土壤肥力的潜力,其中,箭筈豌豆翻压还田后土壤pH相较CK处理提高0.71%,光叶苕子翻压还田后土壤有机质、全氮含量相较CK处理提高1.56%、8.86%。绿肥翻压还田后显著增加了后茬水稻秸秆和籽粒的氮、磷、钾含量及其累积量,其中以箭筈豌豆的综合效果最好,与CK处理相比,翻压还田水稻秸秆全氮、全磷累积量分别提高了15.18%、14.98%,水稻籽粒全氮、全钾累积量分别提高了9.98%、15.02%,水稻地上部全氮、全磷总累积量分别提高了14.75%、20.42%。综上,光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量、养分累积量较高,光叶苕子翻压还田后对土壤肥力有一定的提高作用,箭筈豌豆能够促进水稻养分含量及养分累积量,二者是适合研究区种植的绿肥品种。In order to screen out the suitable green manures for the study area,seven green manure varieties,with the winter idle field(CK)as the control,were used in a field experiment conducted to analyze the growth characters,yields and nutrients of different green manures and their effects on soil fertility,yields and nutrient absorption of rice after turning over in the northern Jiangsu region.The results showed that different green manures were different in growth.On the whole,Vicia villosa var.and Vicia sativa L.had the highest biomass and nutrient contents,which were 46.07 t/hm^(2) and 38.74 t/hm^(2) respectively,their nutrient contents and accumulation were significantly higher than those of other green manures.Planting green manure had the potential to promote soil nutrient accumulation and had a positive role in improving soil fertility.Among other,soil pH of Vicia sativa L.after turning over was 0.71%higher than CK,and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen of Vicia villosa var.after turning over were 1.56%and 8.86%higher than CK.After green manure turning over,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium contents and accumulation of rice straws and grains were significantly increased,among them,Vicia sativa L.had the best comprehensive effect.Compared with CK,after the Vicia sativa L.was turned over,the total nitrogen and total phosphorus accumulation of rice straws were increased by 15.18%and 14.98%respectively,total nitrogen and total potassium accumulation of rice grains were increased by 9.98%and 15.02%respectively,and total nitrogen and total phosphorus accumulation above the ground were increased by 14.75%and 20.42%respectively.In conclusion,the biomass and nutrient accumulation of Vicia villosa var.and Vicia sativa L.are higher,and Vicia villosa var.can improve soil fertility to a certain extent,while Vicia sativa L.can promote nutrient contents and accumulation of rice,they both are suitable green fertilizer varieties for planting in the research area.

关 键 词：绿肥 土壤 水稻 养分 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学] S5