施用生物质炭对黑土腐殖质组成及水稳性团聚体分布的影响  

Effects of Biochars Application on Humus Composition and Water-stable Aggregates Distribution of Black Soil

作　　者：王琪[1] 朱莹雪 许连周 陈柏杨 马献发[1] 元野 高珊 焦玉生 胡继军 WANG Qi;ZHU Yingxue;XU Lianzhou;CHEN Baiyang;MA Xianfa;YUAN Ye;GAO Shan;JIAO Yusheng;HU Jijun(College of Resource and Environmental Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Mudanjiang Tobacco Science Research Institute,Harbin 150076,China;China National Tobacco Corporation,Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150010,China;Dongning Branch of Mudanjiang Tobacco Company,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157011,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]牡丹江烟草科学研究所,哈尔滨150076 [3]中国烟草总公司黑龙江省公司,哈尔滨150010 [4]牡丹江烟叶公司东宁分公司,黑龙江牡丹江157011

出　　处：《土壤》2023年第3期605-611,共7页Soils

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅项目(1451ZD005);烟草行业科研项目(20182300002700081)资助。

摘　　要：为探究生物质炭对土壤腐殖质组成和团聚体特征的影响,以东北黑土区植烟土壤为研究对象,于2019—2020年在田间设置了3个处理,包括连续施用低量(5 t/hm^(2),C1)、高量(25 t/hm^(2),C2)生物质炭和不施生物质炭(CK)处理,分析了不同用量生物质炭对土壤腐殖质组分及水稳性团聚体分布的影响,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和^(13)C核磁共振(^(13)C-NMR)对土壤胡敏酸化学结构进行了表征。结果表明:C1和C2处理分别使土壤富里酸减少了16.90%和40.85%,胡敏酸含量显著增加了14.86%和33.78%,胡敏酸在腐殖酸中占比也显著增加;FTIR和^(13)C-NMR结果显示,C2处理的土壤胡敏酸I_(2920)/I_(1620)吸收峰强度比值降低了11.82%,脂族碳/芳香碳比值降低了13.04%,表明高量生物质炭使胡敏酸芳构化程度增强,脂肪结构比例降低;生物质炭的添加促使土壤大团聚体(>0.25 mm)比例增加,C2处理提升大团聚体的作用更显著。结合相关性分析发现,胡敏酸含量与0.25~2 mm大团聚体含量显著正相关,胡敏酸分子的脂肪族官能团特征与>2 mm粒级团聚体显著正相关。此外,C1和C2处理显著提高了烟叶产量。综上,生物质炭能提升土壤腐殖质中胡敏酸的含量和结构,有利于土壤大团聚体形成,提高土壤固碳潜力,对作物有一定的增产效果。To investigate the effects of biochars on humus composition and water-stable aggregate characteristics in the tobacco-planting black soil region of Northeast China,three treatments including low quantity of biochar(5 t/hm^(2),C1),high quantity of biochar(25 t/hm^(2),C2)and no biochar application(CK),were setup in 2019 to 2020 in the field,the composition of soil humus and the distribution of water-stable aggregates were analyzed,and humic acid chemical structures were determined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^(13)C-NMR).The results showed that C1 and C2 reduced fulvic acid by 16.90%and 40.85%,significantly increased the content of humic acid by 14.86%and 33.78%,respectively,the proportion of humic acid in soil humus also significantly increased.FTIR and^(13)C-NMR analyses showed that C2 decreased the I_(2920)/I_(1620)absorption peak intensity ratio of soil humic acid and the ratio of aliphatic carbon/aromatic carbon by 11.82%and 13.04%,respectively,suggesting the application of high quantity of biochar could enhance the aromatization degree of humic acid and reduce the proportion of aliphatic structure.The addition of biochars increased the proportion of soil large aggregates(>0.25mm),and C2 had the most significant effect.The content of humic acid was significantly positive correlated with the content of 0.25–2 mm aggregates,and the characteristics of aliphatic functional groups of humic acid molecules were significantly positive correlated with>2 mm size aggregates.C1 and C2 also significantly increased the yield of tobacco leaves.In conclusion,biochar can improve the content and structure of humic acid in soil humus,which is conducive to the formation of soil aggregates,improve the potential of soil carbon sequestration,and also have a positive impact on the crop yield.

关 键 词：生物质炭 腐殖质组成 胡敏酸结构 光谱分析 水稳性团聚体 

分 类 号：S153.622[农业科学—土壤学]