不同涡脱落模式下垂直轴风力机叶片的气动响应  

Aerodynamic responses of vertical-axis wind turbine foil to different vortex shedding patterns

作　　者：郑小波 王红亮 徐文浩 郜志腾 冷峻 李晔 ZHENG Xiaobo;WANG Hongliang;XU Wenhao;GAO Zhiteng;LENG Jun;LI Ye(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;School of Naval Architecture,Ocean and Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Laboratory of Multiple Function Towing Tank,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [2]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海200240 [3]上海交通大学多功能拖曳水池实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2023年第6期26-34,I0001,共10页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划(2017YFE0132000);国家自然科学基金面上项目(11872248);甘肃省科技计划青年项目(22JR5RA304);水下测控技术重点实验室基金(61424070603)。

摘　　要：为研究尾流中不同涡脱落模式下垂直轴风力机(vertical-axis wind turbine,VAWT)叶片的气动响应,基于攻角变化相似性,进行了叶片正弦俯仰振动的比拟实验。研究发现:在弦长雷诺数O(10^(5))范围内,尾流存在3种涡型结构:前缘离散涡(leading-edge vortex,LEV)、蜿蜒尾流(undulating wake,UW)和反卡门涡街(reverse von Kármán vortex street,Rv KVS);随着叶尖速比λ增大,VAWT叶片缩减频率k增大,攻角幅值α _(m)减小;叶轮叶片几何尺度比R/c较小时,在低λ产生LEV涡型的可能性较小,在高λ产生Rv KVS涡型的可能性较大;R/c较大时,在低λ产生LEV涡型的可能性较大,在高λ产生Rv KVS涡型的可能性较小。LEV涡型导致轻动态失速,造成VAWT叶片发生高频俯仰振动,但对叶轮转矩和VAWT功率影响不大。Rv KVS涡型的出现,伴随叶片升力和转矩幅值增大以及平均推力的产生,会使VAWT叶片扭矩载荷增大,也会使叶轮转矩和输出功率提升。据此提出基于VAWT的新式风墙构型,在继承Nes浮式风墙构型优点的基础上,进一步提升了功率系数和风能输出密度。In order to study the aerodynamic response of the vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT)foil to different wake vortex shedding patterns,an analog experiment of the sinusoidally pitching foil was carried out based on the similarity of the variation of angle of attack.In the chord-based Reynolds number range of~O(10^(5)),three vortex patterns are identified in the wake:leading-edge vortex(LEV)pattern,undulating wake(UW)pattern,and reverse von Kármán vortex street(RvKVS)pattern.For VAWT,the reduced frequency increases while the amplitude of angle of attack α_(m) decreases as the tip-speed ratio increases.With a small ratio of the rotor radius over the foil chord R/c,the LEV pattern is less likely to appear at low while the RvKVS pattern is more likely to appear at high.With large R/c,the LEV pattern is more likely to appear at low λwhile the RvKVS pattern is less likely to appear at high.The light dynamic stall caused by the LEV pattern makes VAWT foil pitch at a high frequency,but the rotor moment and the VAWT power are not affected significantly.

关 键 词：垂直轴风力机 涡脱落模式 浮式风墙 尖速比 

分 类 号：TK14[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程] O355[理学—流体力学] TK81[理学—力学] TK83