“大地的意义”在克尔凯郭尔和尼采著作中的不同表现  

“The Meaning of the Earth”in the Works of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche

作　　者：王齐 WANG Qi(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院,北京100732

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期24-33,共10页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：尼采在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》第一部《序言》中提出了关于“超人”的理想,指出“超人是大地的意义”,而“大地的意义”不仅意味着要摒弃“背后世界”,重视此世生活和身体,而且还意味着在“上帝死了”之后的虚无主义真空中学会创造新的价值。事实上,“大地的意义”在克尔凯郭尔的“双重生存”思想中亦有表现。在克尔凯郭尔的思想视域中,个体作为在有限和无限、时间和永恒这两极间的紧张关系之中挣扎的生存者,其首要任务是完成尘世生活的要求,同时不忘响应无限和永恒的要求;偏向任何一极,都会堕入深渊。尼采的“超人”理想是形而上的构想,它不可能适用于芸芸众生。在当今时代,平凡人有可能通过发现日常生活的美和活动而创造出生活的意义。但为了不使人重返丧失创造和渴望能力的“末人”境地,尼采提出的人只是桥梁而非目的的观点值得永远铭记在心。This paper focuses on Nietzsche's idea of“the meaning of the earth”in“Zarathustra's Prologue”of Thus Spoke Zarathustra.Nietzsche formulates that“the Overman is the meaning of the earth”,indicating“the meaning of the earth”lies not only in cherishing the body and concrete earthly life,but also in trying to create a meaning for the earth in the time of nihilism.Interestingly enough,“the meaning of the earth”can also be found in Kierkegaard's conception of“dual existence”.According to Kierkegaard,the human existence is in incessant tension between the infinite and the finite,the eternal and the temporal,thus keeping balance between the two poles is the essential task for human being.Every individual must fulfill the duty and calling of the earthly life,while keeping the infinite and eternal demand in mind.After comparing“the meaning of the earth”in Kierkegaard and Nietzsche,the paper tries to argue that the nature of Nietzsche's conception of bermensch is too metaphysical to be applied to everyday life.In the present age,the ordinary people could possibly create a meaning for life by searching for beauty in everyday life or activities.However,to avoid falling back into the situation of“the last human being”,Nietzsche's concept of“the human being is a bridge and not a purpose”should always be kept in mind.

关 键 词：大地 超人 尼采 克尔凯郭尔 双重生存 

分 类 号：B086[哲学宗教—哲学理论]