转炉吹炼过程喷溅机理及预报模型研究进展  

Research progress of converter splash mechanism and prediction model technology

作　　者：辛同泽 王敏 包燕平[2] XIN Tongze;WANG Min;BAO Yanping(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Technical Support Center for Prevention and Control of Disastrous Accidents in Metal Smelting,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京科技大学金属冶炼重大事故防控技术支撑基地,北京100083

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2023年第10期1716-1728,共13页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174297);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(FRF-BD-19-022A)。

摘　　要：转炉作为一个高温高压、多元多相的反应容器,容易发生喷溅或溢渣事故.良好的熔池搅拌可以增大渣–金反应面积,提高炼钢效率;异常的熔池搅拌则会造成金属损失,毁坏炉体及其附属设备,甚至威胁到炉前工作人员的人身安全.本文总结了前人对喷溅机理及影响因素的研究结果,转炉喷溅按产生的原因可以分为爆发性喷溅、泡沫性喷溅、金属性喷溅和其他喷溅,其中爆发性喷溅的危害最大,泡沫性喷溅的发生频率最高.喷溅事故的产生总体可以归结为炉内激烈化学反应产生气泡驱动的高温熔体喷溅和顶底复吹为熔池提供的流动能量所产生的喷溅,且一次喷溅事故的发生常常是多种因素耦合引发,从单方面分析喷溅事故原因过于片面,研究出一套适用于转炉喷溅的安全评价模型是当务之急.并对现有的喷溅预报模型进行了综述,总结了炉气分析法、音频分析法、图像分析法的预测原理及部分应用结果,指出现有预测模型没有得到广泛应用的原因,未来喷溅预测模型会朝着更加智能化、精细化的方向发展.As a high-temperature,high-pressure,multi-phase reaction vessel,the converter is vulnerable to splashing or slag overflow.Good molten pool surge can expand the slag–gold reaction area and enhance steelmaking efficiency.Abnormal molten pool surge can cause metal loss,damage the furnace body and its auxiliary equipment,and even threaten the personal safety of workers working in front of the furnace.This paper summarizes the previous research findings on splashing mechanisms and influencing factors.According to the occurrence principle,converter splashes can be classified into explosive splashes,foam splashes,metallic splashes,and other splashes,among which explosive splashes are the most dangerous and foam splashes occur most frequently.The occurrence of splashing accidents can be generally attributed to the high-temperature melt splashing caused by bubbles produced during the vigorous chemical reaction in the furnace and the splashing produced by the flow energy generated during the top–bottom combined blowing of the molten pool.The influencing factors of splashing are discussed based on six aspects:loading system,slag making system,oxygen supply system,bottom blowing system,temperature system,and safety system,and the foam of slag,oxygen lance blowing parameters,and bottom blowing parameters are thoroughly examined.It is observed that the occurrence of a splashing accident is frequently caused by the coupling of multiple factors.It is mainly one-sided,and hence the cause of the splashing accident cannot be unilaterally analyzed.Currently,no methods are present that can effectively quantify the effect of each factor on the splashing.Thus,developing a set of safety evaluation models suitable for converter splashing is imperative.Furthermore,the author summarizes the existing splash prediction models,examines the benefits and drawbacks of some splash prediction models,and summarizes the prediction principles and some application outcomes of the furnace gas analysis,audio analysis,and image analysis methods.Altho

关 键 词：转炉喷溅 溢渣 喷溅机理 影响因素 预测模型 

分 类 号：X938[环境科学与工程—安全科学]