“看菜吃饭,量体裁衣”:群众路线下的陕甘宁边区妇婴卫生的群众教育  被引量:5

“Gauge the Amount of Rice You Eat to the Dishes in Front,and Tailor the Clothes in Accordance to the Size of the Person”:Mass Education of Maternal and Infant Health in the Liberated Base Area around the Borders of Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia under Mass Line

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作  者:宋少鹏[1] 王颖 高小贤 SONG Shao-peng;WANG Ying;GAO Xiao-xian(School of CPC History and Party Building,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Social Work,China Women's University,Beijing 100101,China;Shaanxi Research Association for Women and Family,Xi'an 710001,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区:[1]中国人民大学中共党史党建学院,北京100872 [2]中华女子学院社会工作学院,北京100101 [3]陕西省妇女理论婚姻家庭研究会,陕西西安710001

出  处:《妇女研究论丛》2023年第3期73-93,共21页Journal of Chinese Women's Studies

基  金:“集体化时期的妇女和妇女工作”课题阶段性成果。

摘  要:1944年3月,毛泽东提出将医药卫生与生产计划同步进行,有力地推动了陕甘宁边区的群众性卫生运动,妇婴卫生浮现为卫生运动的中心议题,并呈现出群众教育的特点。延安整风运动和群众路线为妇婴卫生的群众教育打开了多元主体参与的制度机制。实践中,参与卫生教育宣传的各类干部结合当地传统资源开发出卫生秧歌和“拉洋片”、展览会和庙会、卫生冬学等各种群众喜闻乐见的教育形式与符合群众认知方式的内容,传播妇婴卫生知识。陕甘宁妇婴卫生的群众教育既是传播现代妇婴卫生知识、贯彻预防为主的重要手段,也是中国共产党实践群众观点、实施群众路线的体现和改造乡村社会的载体之一。同时,在贯彻群众路线的过程中,实现着对于知识分子和基层干部的主体性改造与干群关系的重构,从而帮助他们体察基层社会、理解民情。通过群众路线展开的群众教育同时实现了对于教育者与被教育者的双重教育。对陕甘宁边区妇婴卫生群众教育实践的考察,既为我们理解中国共产党的群众工作提供了一个经验案例,也是理解中国式现代化实践的一个宝贵案例,即中国共产党在农村社会如何通过贴合民众需求、嵌入既有的生活秩序、创造性转化传统资源推进一个具体的现代化议程。In March 1944,Mao Zedong pronounced a policy direction to raise health to the same important level as production and helped significantly promote awareness raising about maternal and infant health in the liberated base areas in the border region around Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia.The Yan'an Rectification movement and the adoption of the mass line helped build multi-sectoral institutional mechanisms for participating in initiatives to promote maternal and infant health.Government officers who participated in promoting and advocating for maternal and infant health utilized local cultural resources to create hygiene yangko,“La Yang Pian”,winter school,exhibition,and temple affairs to disseminate information in ways familiar to locals and in line with the public's cognitive style.These efforts at the time helped not only spread mass education about maternal and infant health and reduce maternal and infant deaths but also carry out the mass line policy through transforming rural society.This practice of the mass line policy significantly realigned the intellectuals and local government officers with the masses as they reconstructed the relationship between the government and the masses based on their bodily experience with,and intimate understanding of,the life of local people.This reconstruction has provided learning lessons to both the educators and the educated.This case study has provided a concrete example of the CCP's experience with mass education,one that helps understand the CCP's practice of utilizing and transforming traditional cultural resources to promote modernization and transform rural society.

关 键 词:群众教育 群众路线 群众工作 妇婴卫生运动 生活秩序 陕甘宁边区 

分 类 号:D442.0[政治法律—政治学]

 

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