美国政府与义和团运动再考察  

Reexamination on the US Government and the Boxer Movement

作　　者：崔志海[1] Cui Zhihai

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2021年第6期11-31,共21页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

摘　　要：在义和团运动中,美国政府一开始对其严重性缺乏认识,发表的第一次门户开放照会也与山东义和团运动没有直接关系,系针对列强“瓜分”政策发出的一个倡议。对于义和团运动向津京地区蔓延,美国驻华公使康格反应强烈,主张与其他列强采取一致行动,并赞成列强的“瓜分”政策。但美国政府始终坚持门户开放政策,并扩大到维护中国领土和行政的完整,将战争严格局限于解救使馆、恢复秩序范围内。在《辛丑条约》谈判中,美国政府对中国的态度也相对友善。东南地方督抚和驻美公使伍廷芳与美国政府之间保持的外交孔道,对舒缓美国政府和公众的焦虑起了十分积极的作用。这场战争并非由“中外双方在交流方面的误解”而引发,主要还是19世纪以来中外民教矛盾和冲突长期得不到妥善合理解决的一个必然结果。During the Boxer Movement,the US government was not initially was not conscious of its gravity,and the first Open Door note was not directly related to the Shandong Boxer Movement.The Open Door note was directed against the"partition"policy of the Great Powers.After the spread of the Boxer Movement to Tianjin and Beijing,Edwin Conger,the US Minister in China,reacted strongly.Conger advocated concerted action with other Powers and supported the"partition"policy.However,the U.S.government had always insisted on the Open Door policy and expanded it to safeguard the integrity of China's territory and administration,strictly confining the war to the rescue of the embassy and to the restoration of order.During the negotiations over the Boxer Protocol,the US government's attitude towards China was also relatively friendly.The diplomatic channels maintained between Wu Ting-fang,Minister of China in the United States,the Provincial Governors in the Southeast China,and the US government played a very positive role in alleviating the anxiety of the US government and the public.The cause of this war was not due to"misunderstandings in exchanges between China and foreign countries",but was mainly an inevitable result of the long-term failure to properly and reasonably resolve the contradictions and conflicts between Chinese people and foreign missionaries during the nineteenth century.

关 键 词：中美关系 义和团运动 门户开放政策 八国联军侵华战争 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]