黑龙江省资源型城市三维生态足迹平衡性及影响因素研究  

Research on the Balance and Influencing Factors of Three-dimensional Ecological Footprint of Resource-based Cities in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：汪中华 侯丹丹 Wang Zhonghua;Hou Dandan(School of Economics and Management,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin Heilongjiang 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学经济与管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《国土与自然资源研究》2023年第5期56-61,共6页Territory & Natural Resources Study

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“赫哲族整族脱贫与东北三江流域生态安全的耦合研究”(20BMZ156)。

摘　　要：资源过度开发使得黑龙江省资源型城市陷入“资源型经济困局”,客观分析三维生态足迹的平衡性和影响因素将对深入探索具有龙江特色的经济转型发展路径具有重要意义。基于2008—2020年9个资源型城市的6类32个指标,运用三维生态足迹模型和基尼系数测算黑龙江省资源型城市三维生态足迹、生态供需平衡性和空间平衡性,并利用LMDI模型和脱钩模型对影响因素进行具体分析。研究结果表明,第一,人均足迹广度与地方经济和居民消费对自然资本的占用开发程度,生态环境调节能力和弹性能力息息相关,大庆市最高,大兴安岭市最低;双鸭山、七台河和大兴安岭的人均足迹深度数值均大于1,三个城市依靠如煤炭、森林等自然资源的开采与砍伐,缺少转型升级,产业结构单一;人均三维生态足迹呈现波动增长趋势。第二,资源型城市在生态供需方面具有不平衡性,但在空间方面达到平衡。第三,不同的资源型城市结构、人口、经济和技术效应因素会影响自然资源和能源资源的消耗利用程度。第四,资源型城市脱钩状态演变趋势波动较大,强脱钩和弱脱钩占半数。基于上述结论,为提升黑龙江省资源型城市三维生态足迹平衡性提出对策与建议。The over-exploitation of resources has caused resourcebased cities in Heilongjiang Province to fall into the“resource-based economic dilemma”.An objective analysis of the balance and influencing factors of the three-dimensional ecological footprint will be of great significance to in-depth exploration of the economic transformation and development path with Longjiang characteristics.Based on 32 indicators in 6 categories of 9 resource-based cities from 2008 to 2020,the 3D ecological footprint model and Gini coefficient were used to calculate the 3D ecological footprint,ecological supply and demand balance and spatial balance of resource-based cities in Heilongjiang Province.The model analyzes the influencing factors in detail.The research results show that,first,the breadth of per capita footprint is closely related to the degree of occupation and development of natural capital by the local economy and resident consumption,the ability to adjust the ecological environment and the resilience.Daqing is the highest and Daxing’anling is the lowest;the depth values are all greater than 1.The three cities rely on the mining and logging of natural resources such as coal and forests,lack of transformation and upgrading,and have a single industrial structure;the per capita three-dimensional ecological footprint shows a fluctuating growth trend.Second,resource-based cities are unbalanced in terms of ecological supply and demand,but they are balanced in terms of space.Third,different resource-based urban structure,population,economic and technological effect factors will affect the degree of consumption and utilization of natural resources and energy resources.Fourth,the evolution trend of the decoupling state of resource-based cities fluctuated greatly,with strong decoupling and weak decoupling accounting for half.Based on the above conclusions,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the balance of the three-dimensional ecological footprint of resource-based cities in Heilongjiang Province.

关 键 词：资源型城市 三维生态足迹 基尼系数 LMDI模型 脱钩分析 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]