1900年美国对中国领土的觊觎——以美国国家档案馆藏外交、军事档案为中心  

America's Desire for Chinese Territory in 1900:Focusing on the Diplomatic and Military Archives of the National Archives of the U.S.

作　　者：刘芳 Liu Fang

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)马克思主义学院 [2]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100083

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2019年第5期3-13,共11页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金基目“晚清美国驻华领事制度研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1900年义和团运动期间,俄、日等国试图利用危机从中国搜取土地,美国由于其主张“门户开放”政策,被视为对中国最没有领土野心的国家。然而,通过对该时期美国国家档案馆藏外交与军事档案的挖掘考查可以发现,就在侣导维护中国的领土与主权完整的同时,美国也曾舰舰过中国的领土,努力想要重新获得天津美租界,建立鼓浪屿公共租界,并在中国占领一个海军基地。上至美国总统、国务院、陆海军,下至美国驻华公使、领事等,都曾对此表现出不同程度的关心,甚至有积极推动者。但迫于已经对外宣布的政策,美国政府寻求中国领土的行动十分隐秘,施行起来也不够彻底,体现了近代美国对华政策的两面性和矛盾性。During the Boxer Uprising of 1900,Russia,Japan and other countries tried to take advantage of the crisis to acquire Chinese territories.America was always seen as having no desire for Chinese territory because of its Open Door Policy.However,through investigating the diplomatic and military archives of the National Archives of the United States,we find that America once desired for Chinese territory while advocating China's territorial integrity and sovereignty:trying to regain its concession in Tianjin,establishing an international settlement in Xiamen and acquiring a navy base in China.Not only American president,Department of State and the military,but also American minister and consuls in China paid much attention to it.The actions of U.S.Government were very secret and it had not been implemented completely owing to its announced policy,which reflected the dual character of its China policy.

关 键 词：美国 义和团运动 中国领土 租界 海军基地 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]