戊戌时期康有为的“洪水说”“地顶说”“地运说”——兼论《康子内外篇》的写作与完成时间  

Kang Youwei's"The Theory of the Flood,""The Theory of the Summit of the Earth"and"Theory of the Earth's Fate"during the 1898 Reform Period:A Discussion of the Writing and Completion of the"Master Kang's Private and Public Writings"(Kangzi Neiwai Pian)

作　　者：茅海建[1,2] Mao Haijian

机构地区：[1]澳门大学历史系,中国澳门 [2]华东师范大学历史系,上海20024

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2020年第5期96-117,共22页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

摘　　要：戊戌时期,康有为在万木草堂讲授中谈到了“洪水说”,即四千年前世界全陷于洪水之中,人类的历史从此开始,中国的历史从夏禹开始;谈到了“地顶说”,即昆仑为地顶,在洪水期间保留了人类的早期文明,昆仑有“四大金龙池”,是额尔齐斯河、阿姆河、印度河、黄河的源头,由此形成了繁荣的亚洲文明。这些奇特的学说究竞有什么政治目的?本文认定,《康子内外篇·地势篇》涉及到“地顶说”,但已发展成为“地势说”,是康有为在戊戌之后的思想。本文说明,康有为弟子徐勤、刘桢麟、梁启超政论文中的“地运说”,即人类文明从印度发生,向西传播到欧洲和美洲,将通过东西两条路线(俄国西伯利亚、美洲经日本)传到中国,才是“洪水说”“地顶说”的最后结论。During the 1898 reform period,Kang Youwei discussed"The Theory of the Flood,(Hongshuishuo)in his lectures at the Thatched Hut among Ten Thousand Trees Hall Academy."The Theory of the Flood,"stated that the whole world was flooded four thousand years ago,and that the history of human society began in this period.The history of China began from the rule of Emperor Yu of the Xia dynasty.Kang also discussed"The Theory of the Summit of the Earth(Didingshuo)which posited that Mount Kunlun was the summit of the earth where early human civilization was preserved.During the flood,there were"four golden dragon lakes"on Mount Kunlun and the lakes were the sources of four rives:Irtysh River,the Amu Darya River,the Indus River and the Yellow River.These rivers were the foundations of the prosperous Asian civilizations.What were the political purposes of these peculiar views?This article clarifies that the book,"Master Kang's Private and Public Writing:Topography Chapter"(Kangzi Neiwai Pian:Dishi Pian)discussed the"The Theory of the Summit of the Earth,but the"The Theory of the Summit of the Earth"had developed into"The Theory of Topography"(Dishi Shuo)developed by Kang Youwei after the 1898 reform.This article argues that"The Theory of the Earth's Fate"(Diyun shuo)in the political essays written by Kang Youwei's disciples,Xu Qin,Liu Zhenlin,and Liang Qichao,illustrated that human civilization was born in India,spread westward to Europe and the Americas,and eventually spread to China through two routes(Siberia and the Americas via Japan).This was the conclusion of"The Theory of the Flood,"and"The Theory of the Summit of the Earth".

关 键 词：康有为 戊戌变法 康子内外篇 黎祖健 万木草堂口说 徐勤 刘桢麟 梁启超 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]