氧化速率对石油基中间相沥青炭纤维结构和性能的影响  

Effect of oxidizing rate on the microstructure and properties of mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers derived from petroleum residue

作　　者：姜鹏飞 吴晃 周星明[4] 樊桢[4] 张岳峰 叶高明 黄东 叶崇 Jiang Peng-fei;Wu Huang;Zhou Xing-ming;Fan Zhen;Zhang Yue-feng;Ye Gao-ming;Huang Dong;Ye Chong(Nanjing Fiberglass Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jiangsu Nanjing 210012,China;Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for High Performance Pitch-based Carbon Materials,Hunan Toyi Carbon Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hunan Changsha 410000,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology,Hunan University,Hunan Changsha 410082,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Composite Materials,Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司,江苏南京210012 [2]湖南东映碳材料科技有限公司沥青基高性能碳材料湖南省工程研究中心,湖南长沙410000 [3]湖南大学材料科学与工程学院先进炭材料及应用技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410082 [4]航天材料及工艺研究所先进功能复合材料技术重点实验室,北京100076

出　　处：《炭素技术》2023年第3期30-35,共6页Carbon Techniques

基　　金：湖南省科技人才托举工程项目(2022TJ-N11);湖南省创新建设专项基金(2020GK4029);湖南省十大技术攻关项目(2021GK1140)。

摘　　要：以石油基中间相沥青为原料制备高性能沥青炭纤维,重点探究预氧化过程中升温速率对中间相沥青炭纤维结构和性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针显微分析仪、纤维强伸度仪等分析手段研究了不同氧化速率下纤维的微观形貌、氧含量及分布、力学和导热性能。结果表明:随着氧化速率从0.5℃/min增大到1.3℃/min,石墨纤维均呈现大角度劈裂,热导率和拉伸强度出现先增大后减小的趋势。氧化速率越慢,中间相沥青纤维横截面上的氧含量分布越均匀,更容易获得综合性能更高的纤维。但是,过度氧化会导致沥青分子的氧化分解,从而降低纤维的热导率和拉伸强度。在0.7℃/min氧化速率下纤维皮芯结构效应最弱,石墨纤维性能最佳,热导率及拉伸强度分别为1029 W/(m·K)和3.09 GPa。High performance pitch-based carbon fibers are prepared from mesophase pitch derived from petroleum residue,and the effect of heating rate on the microstructure and properties of mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers during pre-oxidation is investigated.The microstructures,oxygen content and distribution,mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the fibers at different oxidizing rates are characterized by scanning electron microscope,electron probe microanalyzer and single fiber tensile tester.The results show that with the increase of oxidizing rate from 0.5 C/min to 1.3 C/min,the graphite fibers are split at a large angle,and both the thermal conductivity and tensile strength increase first and then decrease.The slower oxidizing rate results in a more homogeneous distribution of oxygen uptake across the transverse section of mesophase pitch-based fibers,which are directly related to the improvement of performances.However,excess oxidation can bring about the oxidation decomposition of pitch molecules,which decreases the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the resultant carbon fibers.At the oxidation rate of 0.7 C/min,the skin core structure effect of the fiber is the weakest,and the graphite fiber has the highest performance.The thermal conductivity and tensile strength are 1029 W/(m·K)and 3.09 GPa,respectively.

关 键 词：中间相沥青炭纤维 氧化速率 微观结构 力学性能 导热性能 

分 类 号：TQ342.74[化学工程—化纤工业]